With aging, humans exhibit a decline in MFAU and MFAO. Although absolute rates of MGU do not increase, by virtue of the decline in MFAU there is likely an increase in relative contribution of MGU to substrate metabolism. The clinical significance of this metabolic switch awaits further study.
In the short term, hyperglycemia has a deleterious effect on myocardial vasodilator function, which outweighs the beneficial effect of hyperinsulinemia.
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