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To examine the REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) program as an alternative to an oil palm plantation in West Kutai district of East Kalimantan, we determined the profitability of land use and REDD+, and the land use preferences and practices of the local people, as well as their participation in and preferences for forestry programs. Our findings indicate the following: 1) the profitability of an oil palm plantation was higher than that from other land uses and the REDD+ program; 2) the local preferences for land uses were mostly consistent with the profitability of the land uses, except for oil palm plantation due to non-financial concerns; 3) the local people combined each land use in accordance with their various needs; and 4) the local people were interested in a Forest and Land Rehabilitation (RHL) program in nonforestry zones. Considering these evidences, an improved RHL program based on an intensive agroforestry system and a conservation-based REDD+ program based on existing customary conservation forest management by the local people are proposed. Given the high opportunity cost and the low preference for an oil palm plantation, designing the REDD+ program by paying attention to the non-financial benefits for a community is a way forward. To enhance the non-financial benefits, it is important to take into consideration local preferences and livelihood activities in designing the REDD+ program. This study also implies the need for a reconsideration of the position of participation of local people in the safeguards of REDD+.

The Community Conservation Partnership Agreement (KKM) was an effort to reduce, prevent and mitigate the impacts arising from the complexity of managing Lore Lindu National Park. Several approaches in building KKM in the National Park had been carried out by several parties but had not proceeded as expected. Social Contracts were built to advance community agreements. The purpose of this study was to explore the obstacles and strategies for implementing KKM in the National Park. A qualitative approach was used in this study, through in-depth interviews, field observations, and active research in the process of drafting the KKM agreement. The results showed there were multiple interpretations of the roles, functions, and work of the parties based on their authority and interests in building the KKM. This resulted in the KKM becoming unsustainable. Findings show that in order to re-establish the KKM requires strategic steps, which mediate across stakeholder interests. Partnerships towards effective social contracts would only succeed if there was recognition of, and meaningful involvement among parties that begin at the design and planning processes and continue throughout the implementation phases of the partnership activities. The process of building a social contract must therefore begin with solid communication between stakeholders, which establish institutional mechanisms that are systematic, promote active coordinative, and are based on the trust and understanding between stakeholders.

Agroforestri tradisional yang berkembang dari budaya lokal memiliki peran penting sebagai sumber pendapatan rumah tangga petani di Desa Mara Satu. Pendapatan merupakan indikator ekonomi petani karena besarnya pendapatan akan menentukan pemenuhan kebutuhan hidupnya, tetapi pendapatan juga ditentukan oleh nilai ekonomi dari komoditi atau produk agroforestri yang dihasilkan oleh petani. Potensi Agroforestri dapat dilihat dari dua aspek, yaitu potensi vegetasi penyusun agroforestri dan potensi ekonomi komoditi agroforestri. untuk potensi vegetasi penyusun agroforesti dengan melihat hasil hutan kayu dan hasil hutan non kayu, sedangkan potensi ekonomi dilihat dari nilai ekonomi dari produk agroforestri yang dihasilkan dari sistem agroforestri yang ada. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Mara Satu Kecamatan Tanjung Palas Barat Kabupaten Bulungan Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling yaitu pengambilan sampel secara sengaja sedangakan penentuan jumlah sampel ditentukan berdasarkan teknik Slovin. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dan dimuat dalam bentuk tabel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa Volume total (potensi) tanaman agroforestri responden Desa Mara Satu adalah 797,18 m3 dengan Volume tegakan paling besar adalah tanaman Durian (Durio zibethinus) sebesar 270.34 m3. Potensi tanaman obat Desa Mara Satu memiliki total nilai ekonomi sebesar Rp. 177.099.000,- per tahun dengan potensi yang paling besar adalah jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Linn. var. rubrum)  yaitu sebesar Rp. 81.600.000,- per tahun. Total nilai ekonomi produk tanaman agroforestri dari 37 responden petani Desa Mara Satu adalah sebesar Rp. 3.385.889.000,- per tahun.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has hit the whole world, and the Indonesian government has firmly issued a disaster emergency status in mid-March 2020. All sectors of the economy, social, politics, security, and education suffer the COVID-19 pandemic impact. Higher education is one of the sectors that has suffered quite a severe impact. Mulawarman University, as a part of higher education, certainly does not remain silent in responding to this pandemic. Anticipatory actions that have been taken by Mulawarman University. The transformation of Mulawarman University academic activities consists of: (A) Lecture/teaching activities, (B) Practice activities (laboratory and fieldwork practices), (C) Learning evaluation activities (mid and final semester exam), (D) Final project guidance activities, (E) Research and community service activities, (F) Other (related) academic activities, (G) National/international events and professional/service trips at home/abroad, (H) New student admissions activities year of 2020 (SNMPTN; SBMPTN; and SMMPTN), and (I) Student activities/student work units. In conclusion, the academic transformation taken by Mulawarman University in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic is massive and comprehensive regarding all aspects of higher education.

This study identifies the benefits that traditional communities receive from the tropical rain forest in New Guinea, Indonesia. In this study, various benefit sharing schema developed by forest concession holder are assessed to understand the precise outcome compared to traditional welfare solutions. It further aims to identify benefit sharing schemas applied by concession investors in the forest sector and assesses these schema based on equitable principles. A questionnaire and semi‑structured interviews were used to collect data from traditional communities, concession holders, and the government. Interviews and field observations were randomly conducted and then analyzed for both quantitative and qualitative descriptions. The results indicate that there were five benefits sharing schemas i.e., those based on financial schema, based on the market, based on infrastructure, based on social management, and based on the transfer of knowledge and technology. Overall, all the schemas that were developed did not fulfil the same criteria. However, there were only two schemas that were considered to be equal and efficient: the financial based‑schema and infrastructure based‑schema. This is indicated by the larger number of criteria and requirements that they fulfil. Yet, all the schemas still present various conflicts either between customary communities and the government or between the communities and investors.

Masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat Kutai di wilayah Kedang Ipil adalah terkait ketergantungan mereka pada penggunaan lahan dan hasil hutan yang mulai terbatas karena perkembangan pembangunan ekonomi berbasis sumberdaya alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merumuskan strategi adaptasi masyarakat Kutai wilayah Kedang Ipil dalam menghadapi perubahan lingkungan biofisik dan sosial sebagai implikasi dari perkembangan pembangunan ekonomi berbasis sumberdaya alam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pemaparan secara deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam (In depthinterview), studi dokumentasi dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan sosial dalam aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat dan aspek sosial budaya. Dalam perubahan sosial yang dihadapi masyarakat mengadaptasi mata pencaharian diversifikasi melalui pola nafkah ganda, mempertahankan sistem berladang berpindah, mengumpulkan/berburu berbagai hasil hutan non-kayu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasarnya secara minimal tetapi belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan sosial psikologisnya. Adaptasi proses dilakukan oleh masyarakat adalah proses adaptasi yang adaptif di mana perubahan ini memiliki dampak positif pada keberlanjutan hutan dan sumber daya alamnya. Kata kunci: adaptasi, strategi mata pencaharian, masyarakat kutai, perkembangan ekonomi berbasis SDA