Hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) causes various toxic and carcinogenic effects. The main carcinogenic effect is observed in the pulmonary system through inhalation route. Reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (V, IV, and III) reactive intermediates within the cells by intracellular reducing agents such as glutathione is an important event leading to oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage. This study evaluated the effects of intraperitoneal administration of Cr (VI) and GSH on total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index, and oxidative DNA damage by evaluating the level of 8-hydroxy-2́-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in Swiss-Albino mice. Seventy two mice were divided into 6 groups and treated intraperitoneally as follow: control (saline), group GSH (30 mg/kg GSH) groups of Cr-20 (20 mg/kg, KCrO), Cr-30 (30 mg/kg KCrO), Cr-20 + GSH (20 mg/kg KCrO + 30 mg/kg GSH), Cr-30 + GSH (30 mg/kg KCrO + 30 mg/kg GSH). Total oxidant capacities of Cr-20 and Cr-30 were increased compared to control, Cr-20 + GSH, and Cr-30 + GSH. TOS levels in Cr-20 + GSH and Cr-30 + GSH were lower than in Cr-20 and Cr-30. No difference in TAC was observed among the groups. 8-Hydroxy-2́-deoxyguanosine levels were increased in groups Cr-20 and Cr-30 compared with control and groups Cr-20 + GSH and Cr-30 + GSH. No difference was determined in 8-OHdG levels among control, groups GSH, Cr-20 + GSH and Cr-30 + GSH. Results indicate that Cr (VI) given i.p. route causes increased oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage in the blood of Swiss-Albino mice. Administration of GSH via i.p. route protects from oxidative stress and DNA damage.
In the title centrosymmetric mononuclear NiII compound, [Ni(C8H5O3)2(C10H14N2O)2(H2O)2], the central NiII atom is coordinated by two O atoms from two 4-formylbenzoate (FOB) ligands, two O atoms from two water molecules and two N atoms from two diethylnicotinamide (DENA) ligands. The coordination geometry is slightly distorted octahedral, with four O atoms in the equatorial plane and two N atoms in axial positions. Intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into chains along the a axis by intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The structure is further stabilized by π–π interactions between the pyridine rings of DENA units, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.668 (2) Å.
A new complex, [Co(DFB)2(3-Pyr)2(H2O)2] (where DFB = 3,5-difluorobenzoate, 3-Pyr = 3-pyridinol), is synthesized and characterized using different techniques (elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction). Looking at the crystal structure of the complexes, the cobalt atom is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from two 3-Pyr ligands, two carboxylate oxygen atoms from two DFB anions, and two oxygen atoms from two water molecules. The complex has distorted octahedral geometry around the cobalt atom center complex and crystallizes in the P21/n space group (monoclinic system). Geometry optimization, frequency analysis, and energy quantum chemical calculations on the complex are performed by Density Functional Theory [B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) basis set] to predict the molecular properties. The novel complex is tested against the metabolic isoenzymes human carbonic anhydrases I and II. The novel complex shows Ki values of 317.26 ± 23.25 µM against hCA I and 255.41 ± 48.05 µM against hCA II; the IC50 values for these isoenzymes are 274.37 and 204.33 µM.
In the crystal structure of the title CoII complex, [Co(C8H5O3)2(C10H14N2O)2(H2O)2], the metal centre is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by two 4-formylbenzoate (FOB), two diethylnicotinamide (DENA) ligands and two water molecules in a slightly distorted CoO4N2 octahedral geometry. In the crystal structure, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into infinite chains. π–π contacts between the parallel pyridine rings of neighboring DENA ligands [centroid–centroid distance = 3.652 (3) Å] further stabilize the crystal structure.
In the title compound, [Zn(C8H5O3)2(C6H6N2O)]n, the ZnII ion is tetrahedrally coordinated by two formylbenzoate (FB) and one isonicotinamide (INA) ligands while symmetry-related FB ligands bridge adjacent ZnII ions, forming polymeric chains along the b axis. The carboxylate groups in the two FB ions are twisted away from the attached benzene ring by 9.07 (2) and 26.2 (2)°. The two benzene rings of the FB ions are oriented at a dihedral angle of 81.30 (5)°. In the crystal, adjacent polymeric chains interact via N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, π–π contacts between the formylbenzoate rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7736 (8) Å] and weak C—H⋯π interactions, forming a three-dimensional network.
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