This study was planned to determine the prevalences of the Nosema spp. and the black queen-cell virus (BQCV) among honeybees (Apis mellifera) raised in the province of Van by PCR and to determine the molecular characteristics of the determined isolates. A total of 260 adult worker bees from 26 colonies at 5 apiary locations belonging to the province of Van in April and May 2015 were collected for this reason. Samples were examined microscopically. In the case of positivity, spore identification was done by multiplex PCR. Reverse transcription/PCR analysis (RT/PCR) was carried out for the BQCV analysis. At the end of the microscopic examination, Nosema spp. spores were detected in 8 out of 26 colonies (32.5%). The result of multiplex-PCR revealed Nosema ceranae positivity in all of the samples, but no Nosema apis was determined. As a result of the RT/PCR tests of the samples BQCV was detected in 23 (88.5%) of the total 26 colonies. This study is the first to investigate Nosema spp. and BQCV with the PCR technique in bees raised in the province of Van.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of Sarcocystis spp. in bovine minced meat that is sold in various grocery stores and butcher shops in Van Province of Turkey. For this purpose a total of 150 samples were obtained from İpekyolu, Tuşba, Edremit, Erciş, and Gevaş districts of Van Province in monthly periods from May to October 2019. 28% (42/150) were found positive for Sarcocystis species as a result of the microscopic analyses and 96.6% (145/150) were found positive for Sarcocystis species as a result of the multiplex-PCR and RFLP methods. Sarcocystis cruzi (96.6%) was detected in all samples that were detected positive using molecular methods. Sarcocystis hominis-like was found in 143 (95%) samples whereas S. hirsuta was detected in only 4 (2.6%) samples. According to the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTN) analysis of the 18S rRNA gene region of the S. cruzi (MN832695) and S. hirsuta (MN832697) isolates, they showed 100% similarity to the samples (MH681972; MH681973) that were submitted to GenBank from China. The BLASTN analysis of the 18S rRNA gene region of the S. hominis-like isolate (MN832696) revealed that it was 99.45% identical to the S. bovini (KT901155) isolated from a water buffalo in New Zealand. In conclusion, the molecular characterization of Sarcocystis spp. has been provided for the first time in Van Province, and the first unverified scientific data for S. bovini has been established in this study.

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Anaplasma capra infection is usually asymptomatic, but it is known to cause zoonotic tick-borne diseases. A. capra's morphological characteristics and the types of cells infected (such as erythrocytes, monocytes, and neutrophil granulocytes) are unknown. Infection with A. capra was mostly found in ixodid ticks. There have been no studies on A. capra infection in goats, one of Turkey's most common farm animals. Infection with A. capra was mostly found in ixodid ticks. There have been no studies on A. capra infection in goats, one of Turkey's most common farm animals. They are required to determine their distribution, genetic diversity, vector species, and host specificity. This study aimed to investigate the A. capra pathogen in goats in Turkey's Van province. A total of 200 goat blood samples were examined. Goat samples were subjected to partial amplification of the gltA gene fragment using a nested polymerase chain reaction. A. capra DNA was detected in 0.5% of goat blood samples. Phylogenetic analysis of a partial gltA gene fragment showed that the eastern Turkey isolate, closely grouped with A. capra isolates reported from wild and domestic ruminants in France, Turkey, and Kyrgyzstan, formed a distinct clade. This is the first report of A. capra in goats in Turkey.

Canine hepatozoonosis is a tick-borne protozoan disease spread by hard ticks of the Ixodidae family. Although this illness has been seen in numerous locations in Türkiye, its existence in the Batman and Van provinces has yet to be confirmed. The purpose of this research was to look into canine hepatozoonosis in stray dogs from two distinct areas in Türkiye using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Between 2019 and 2021, blood samples were collected from 197 stray dogs in Batman and Van provinces in Türkiye. A unique 486–520 bp segment of the 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon spp. was amplified using PCR. According to the PCR findings, none of the 197 stray dogs tested positive for Hepatozoon spp. This research offers epidemiological data on the prevalence of canine hepatozoonosis in Türkiye, which may be useful in future studies with larger sample sizes and dogs of varied origins.