The study aims to investigate the effect of auditing committee characteristics, represented in the auditing committee characteristics (size, independence, activity, financial expertise) on the enhancement of corporate value, for a sample of 47 Jordanian industrial companies listed at Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period of (2014-2018). To achieve this goal, corporate value was measured using the return on assets (ROA) in addition to using the Pooled Data Regression. Study found a positive relationship between the auditing committee characteristics (size, activities, independence) and corporate value in the Jordanian industrial Companies, but didn't find a positive relationship between the financial expertise variable of auditing committee and the corporate value. Based on the study results, researchers made a number of recommendations that include: researchers and academic staffs must study in the future researches some of the other variables, such as the diversity of management committee, disclosure, transparency, and auditing fees in order to enhance corporate value.
Purpose: This study aimed to demonstrate the importance of economic financing at Islamic banks in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Theoretical framework: This study came to answer the following main questions: What is Islamic banking finance, its meaning, and its characteristics? What is the reality of Islamic banking finance in Jordan? What is the impact of Islamic banking finance in Jordan on increasing investment and saving? What is the impact of Islamic banking finance in Jordan in reducing inflation and unemployment? What is the impact of Islamic banking finance in Jordan on the gross domestic product? What is the main difference between Islamic banking and the conventional banking system? Design/methodology/approach: The study measures several areas in terms of income, unemployment, inflation, investment, as well as gross domestic product during the period from 2015-2020, where the regression approach was adopted in order to measure the effects. Findings: The study showed no statistically significant effect of financing in Jordanian Islamic banks on the gross domestic product and inflation while it showed a statistical effect of financing in Islamic banks on the public commercial sectors, housing, and construction. The study also revealed that largest part of financing in Jordanian Islamic banks is directed toward construction and housing sector, followed by the public services sector to achieve the desired economic goals of Islamic banking finance. Research, Practical & Social implications: This study was limited to explaining the economic importance of Islamic banking finance in Jordan, and to some economic variables; such as gross domestic product, inflation, and unemployment. Originality/value: Study stems from the importance of financing provided by banks, where commercial or Islamic financing in banks considers one of the most important services provided to society, and accordingly this study hopes to present a practical vision of financing importance in Jordanian Islamic banks on economic development, and hopes to provide recommendations for Jordanian Islamic Banks.
Purpose: This study aims to demonstrate the impact of taxes on prices and production in Jordan. Theoretical framework: Study problem lies in asking the following questions Does the tax system in Jordan serve the economic aspects? Does the tax in Jordan affect the economic aspect? Is the tax in Jordan fair? Is there an impact of the tax on prices in Jordan? Is there an impact of the tax on production in Jordan? What is the effect of taxes on consumer speeding on necessary versus luxury goods? What is the impact of higher taxes on personal income of consumers? The effect of Lower taxes on the economy and disposable income? What is the alternative for governments to increase their income other than direct higher tax system? What is the effect of various government entities; such as financial, administrative, and social corruption on Jordan economy? Design/methodology/approach: Researchers used standard analysis method and vector error correction model for the period (2011-2020), and used the profit margin ratio indicator as a representative indicator for production and prices. Findings: Results showed a long-term causal relationship between prices and production; from one side and direct and indirect taxes; from the other side and that relationship between short-term deviations and long-term reliability is corrected at a rate of (3%) per year. Results showed a negative significant impact of indirect taxes on price competitiveness; in the long term which was reinforced by the variance components’ analysis and response function’s test. Results also showed an insignificant impact of direct and indirect taxes on price competitiveness; in the short term. Research, Practical & Social implications: Demonstrating the impact of taxes on prices and production in Jordan. As well as, discussing the governmental tax and income. Originality/value: The importance of study stems from research topic, since taxes have multiple effects on various areas in society which can be divided into scientific and practical importance.
Inventions do not come in one format, so the right holder varies according to the occasion it reaches them. Only the financial rights are transferred to employers while the moral rights remain in the interest of inventors, as they are among rights closely related to personality and may not be waived with or without compensation. The worker’s information, which is mainly associated with the establishment activity, becomes a weapon against employers if it falls into the hands of their competitors. Therefore, this research paper aimed to clarify what is meant by the worker and the employer, then define the invention types that the worker reaches during the implementation of the work contract. The study aims to distinguish labor law from other laws and then clarify the laws regulating the protection of workers’ inventions, their consequences, and what rules apply to it. The study also describes the legal effects that result before and after reaching the invention, as well as the rights and obligations of each party. This study followed the analytical approach of texts to get study results. Results showed that there are differences in the trademarks granted to foreign students, which necessitate attention in the applications granted to resident Jordanians and showed that there are differences for patents granted to foreign applications. Results also showed that Jordanian legislator came with a ruling that differs from what was stated in the Saudi law and the Omani patent law because the provisions of the Jordanian law talked about the case of accidental inventions and free inventions only. The study recommended adding some items to laws and legislations to be enforced in Jordan and deleting some texts and phrases that harm inventors. The study also recommends necessity to amend the text of article (22/b) of Jordanian labor law by deleting the phrase (unless otherwise agreed in writing) and replacing it with the phrase (and any agreement to the contrary is considered void).
The study aims to identify the reality of retirement salaries for the 1,200,000 insured employees at the social security network in Jordan, out of a total workforce of about 5,926,580, which means that 20% of the total number of employees is included in the social security system. The study aimed to make a comparison between the retirement salaries level and the cost of living level of the Jordanian family, which amounted to (854) JDs per month based on the spending and wages average at the Jordanian General Statistics Department, while the retirement salaries rate paid to the retirees of government and private sectors amounted to (494) JDs per month for the public sector and also (494) JDs per month for the family of private sector.The study viewed the retirement salaries rates according to the various economical activities for the years (2015/2016) and the results showed that average retirement salaries for those eligible social security participants (493) JDs per month, while the average beneficiaries who currently receive retirements salaries is about (576) JDs per month and their number about (193,763) thousand citizens. The study was also shocking as it turns out that retirement salary for the beneficiaries who receive retirement salaries now between (178) and (576) JDs, which means that many of the low beneficiaries segments and after (20) years of continuous service their retirement salaries don't reach the government-set poverty line of (339) JDs per month, and all salaries of participants who haven't reached the retirement age and the beneficiaries, the retirement salaries of 100% of them will not reach the sufficiency line or the average cost of living for the Jordanian family of (854) JDs per month. Study recommends the establishment of a higher wage council made up of economists, jurists, financial people, and representatives from the public and private sector, and the army, military, and security institutions to establish a fair wage system.
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