Perfectly matched layers (PML's), which are employed for mesh truncation in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) or in finite element methods (FEM's), can be realized by artificial anisotropic materials with properly chosen permittivity and permeability tensors. The tensor constitutive parameters must satisfy the Kramers-Kronig relationships, so that the law of causality holds. These relations are used to relate the real and imaginary parts of the constitutive parameters of the PML media to deduce the asymptotic behaviors of these parameters at low and high frequencies.

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The mathematical basis of a new imaging modality, induced current electrical impedance tomography (EIT), is investigated, The ultimate aim of this technique is the reconstruction of conductivity distribution of the human body, from voltage measurements made between electrodes placed on the surface, when currents are induced inside the body by applied time varying magnetic fields. In this study the two-dimensional problem is analyzed. A specific 9-coil system for generating nine different exciting magnetic fields (50 kHz) and 16 measurement electrodes around the object are assumed, The partial differential equation for the scaler potential function in the conductive medium is derived and finite element method (FEM) is used for its solution. Sensitivity matrix, which relates the perturbation in measurements to the conductivity perturbations, is calculated. Singular value decomposition of the sensitivity matrix shows that there are 135 independent measurements. It is found that measurements are less sensitive to changes in conductivity of the object's interior. While in this respect induced current EIT is slightly inferior to the technique of injected current EIT (using Sheffield protocol), its sensitivity matrix is better conditioned. The images obtained are found to be comparable to injected current EIT images In resolution. Design of a coil system for which parameters such as sensitivity to inner regions and condition number of the sensitivity matrix are optimum, remains to be made.

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We introduce a new technique (in the context of time‐harmonic electromagnetic scattering), which renders an object (or scatterer) to be perceived as if it has a different shape, irrespective of the location of the observer. This is achieved through the usage of an anisotropic metamaterial layer, which is designed as conformal to the surface of the scatterer by employing the concept of coordinate transformation. We report some numerical results for finite element simulations of two‐dimensional anisotropic metamaterial coatings. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2386–2392, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22784