This study was carried out with 656 Hysex-Brown layer hen with 58 weeks old. 2 x 4 Multifactorial test setup was used. Egg production, daily feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, damaged egg ratio, body weight and specific gravity datas were examined in laying hens fed at different times and raised at different stocking density. Hens placed in cages as 412.5 and 495 cm 2 /hen and formed 8 groups and feeds were given at 06:00, 9:30, 06:00-06:30 and 09:30-13:30h. The trial was continued for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of egg production, daily feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05), and there was no difference in egg weight, damaged egg ratio, body weight and specific gravity (P>0.05). It was determined that egg production was the highest and feed consumption and feed conversion ratio was the lowest in groups with a frequency of 495 cm 2 /chicken and fed at one time at 09:30h. Egg production was the lowest and feed conversion ratio was highest in groups with a frequency of 412.5 cm 2 /hen and fed at 09:30-13:30h. It was also determined that feeding two times at 06:00h and 06:30h increased the feed consumption, but feeding one time at 09:30h decreased the feed consumption.

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Background: This study was carried out to determine the effect of addition of 1% dietary garlic and onion powder on the internal and external quality characteristics and chemical and fatty acid composition of Chukar partridges eggs. Methods: A total of 240 Chukar partridges with 60-week age was assigned to four dietary treatment group: control, 1% onion powder, 1% garlic powder and garlic onion powder, respectively. Totally, 92 eggs obtained from partridges were used for the study. Result: The addition of onion powder had significant effect on yolk weight (P less than 0.05). Supplementation of the diets with garlic and onion powder did not significantly affect quality traits of chukar eggs (P greater than 0.05). Moisture, ash and protein contents and 16 fatty acid composition of chukar eggs were not statistically affected by the addition of garlic and onion powder either. In conclusion, the addition of 1% dietary garlic and onion powder did not cause a significant change in the internal and external quality characteristics and fatty acid composition of the Chukar partridge eggs. Increasing the rate of garlic and onion powder to the chukar ration may cause some significant differences on the egg parameters.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Kaynak olarak, donmuş sperma üretimi ve ticareti yapan çeşitli firmaların web sayfaları, boğa katalogları ve bu uluslararası şirketlerin ve ülkelerin boğa veri bankaları kullanıldı. Bulgular:İncelemeler sonucunda, 2015 yılında ithal edilen toplam 641 boğaya ait 4.566.553 payet spermanın 173 boğa-ya ait 1.334.827 (%29.23) payetinde en az bir kalıtsal kusur olduğu tespit edildi. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı'nın "Sperma, ovum ve embriyo ithalatında uyulması gereken usul ve esaslar" hakkındaki talimatı gereğince Türkiye'ye girmesine izin verilmeyen bazı haplotiplerin ithal edilen spermalarda bulunduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca, insan sağlığını tehdit eden Beta kazein A1 geninin ithal edilen boğaların en az %14'ünde kesin olarak bulunduğu tespit edildi. Boğaların yaklaşık yarısının kalıtsal yapısı hakkında bilgi elde edilemedi.Öneri: Yetkililerin, sperma ithalatında uyulması gereken usul ve esaslar hakkındaki talimatında yer alan kalıtsal kusurlar listesini tekrar gözden geçirmeleri, özellikle Simental ırkı boğalarda görülen kalıtsal kusurları listeye eklemeleri ve güncellemeleri gerektiği ifade edilebilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Boğa sperması, kalıtsal kusurlar, genetik kirlilik AbstractAim: In this study, it was aimed to detect hereditary defects of bulls that imported their frozen semen to Turkey in 2015. Materials and Methods:As the source of knowledge, the websites of various companies that produce frozen semen, AI bull catalogs, and databases of bull semen companies have been used. Results:The result of the research revealed that 1.334.827 of 4.566.553 semen had at least one genetic defects (29.23%). In accordance with the procedures and principles with regard to the import of "sperm, ovum and embryo" issued by the Ministry, the sperms with haplotypes, which are banned legally from entering the country, have been found out. At least 14% of bull semen had A1 beta-casein gene which threatens human health. It had no got sufficient information about the genetic structure of nearly half of the bulls. Conclusion:It may be stated that authorities should review and update the list of genetic defects especially seen in Simmental breed bulls stated in binding guidelines concerning procedures and principles.

Competing interestsNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Funding sourcesState funding sources (grants, funding sources, equipment, and supplies). Include name and number of grant if available.Not applicable.