The Naqshbandi Order and its important jamaat structures are among the important political debates in the history of the Turkish Republic, which has a predominant secular character. The intense political effects of the Naqshbandi Order in the Anatolian geography date back to the last two centuries. The Naqshbandi Order differs from other ones in it isolating itself from political and social events. Its capacity in adapting to time and place and organizing strong is one of the most important qualities of the order. Having these features and a city-centred mass structure, the Naqshbandi Order has managed to maintain its existence in every period. In the study; the establishment, historical development, general characteristics, important traditions of the Naqshbandi Order, and its effect on the Turkish politics from the Tanzimat Reform to the present are examined; and the İskenderpaşa Jamaat, which has been an important structure of the Naqshbandi Order after the 1950s, is given in detail, as well.
The phenomenon of political party; which is a group of organized people having aim to become the political power in the country, carrying out attempts for that purpose and meeting in common ideas, ideologies and beliefs about how the country should be governed;is seen as the most basic actors of democracy. These political organizations, which meet on common goals and ideas and carry out activities in order to gain the political power and the authority to represent, play critical roles in the life of individuals and the formation of society. Like all social phenomena, political parties are also affected by social and political changes and are shaped in different formats in every period. On the other hand, it can be said that political ideologies, beliefs, elections and values, which stand out among the basic components in the formation of the political partyconcept, play an important role in the diversification of political parties, as well. The literature presents many types of political parties under different classifications. This article involves an effort to put a significant part of the commonly used political party types in a coherent framework and to make them understandable by describing the political party types with examples.
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