In this work, an experimental investigation was implemented to identify the effect of adding clamshell powder (CSP) into the polyester matrix on the tensile and impact properties along with vibration characteristics of the particulate composites towards using eco-friendly reinforcement phase. Different weight ratios of clamshell powder, ranged from 0 to 20 wt%, were loaded into the polyester resin with particle sizes ranged from 25 to 75 μm. Tensile, Charpy impact and free vibration tests were performed to the specimens fabricated from the neat polyester and CSP-filled polyester. The results showed that the inclusion of CSP into the polyester matrix could improve the tensile modulus of the polyester up to 50% when the CSP weight ratio equals to 12%. Meanwhile, the strain-to-failure, tensile and impact strengths showed decreasing trends with increasing the CSP filler content owing to the weak adhesion (bonding) strength between CSP and the polyester matrix. Maximum improvements in the fundamental natural frequency and damping ratio of CSP-filled polyester were 24% (at 12 wt% of CSP) and 21% (at 8 wt% of CSP), respectively. Based on the results, the clamshell powder could be used as a very cheap bio-filler material within the polyester matrix if the high stiffness composites with improved damping properties are required.
The present work describes the development of hybrid epoxy composite reinforced with unidirectional carbon, glass fibers and nano-TiO2 powder in order to study some of its mechanical properties. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) were dispersed in epoxy with different weight fractions (1, 3, and 5 wt. %) using sonication. Composite materials under study have been prepared by reinforcing the resulted nanocomposite by three different layers of unidirectional carbon fibers and glass bidirectional fibers using hand lay-up technique. Tensile and hardness tests as well as the surface roughness test have been performed during the experimental work. It has been observed that the tensile strengths of the fiber-reinforced polymer composites increase with fiber content, and TiO2 nanoparticles up to a maximum value of 3 wt % after which it decreases. The value, modulus of elasticity, tension resistance, and hardness of the fiber-reinforced polymer composites increase with increasing fiber loading. The results obtained in this work show that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles at up to 3%wt to the epoxy composite reinforced with unidirectional carbon and glass fibers enhances the mechanical strength of such material.
The present work deals with the fatigue behavior of hybrid nanocomposites consisting epoxy strengthen by unidirectional carbon fibres, and/or woven roving glass fiber and TiO 2 nanofillers. For this purpose, nanocomposite material was manufactured by mixing TiO 2 nanoparticles with the epoxy using an ultrasonic mixer to insure complete dispersion of such particles in the base material. Different particle concentrations (1, 3, and 5) % wt. of TiO 2 nanoparticles have been added to the epoxy. Different types of hybrid nano composite materials were manufactured by adding three layers of carbon fibers and/or woven roving glass fiber to the prepared epoxy nanocomposite materials with a constant weight fraction of 30%. The laminated hybrid nanocomposite materials were then prepared using hand lay-up technique using a vacuum device. For experimental purposes tensile and fatigue test specimens have been manufactured according to ASTM-D3039 and ASTM D 3479/D 3479M-96, respectively, while ANSYS19 program was used to analyze the fatigue behavior of such materials numerically. Tensile tests were carried out at room temperature while fatigue tests has been carried out at constant stress ratio (R=-1). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to identify the underlying mechanisms for fatigue failure and the progressive of damage growth. For each test, three specimens were tested and the average magnitude for each property was taken. The results obtained indicated that the hybrid nanocomposite (EP+C/C/C+3% TiO 2 ) has the highest fatigue limit and tensile strength in comparison with the other tested material, while the SEM results showed that the composite failed by a brittle way. It has been also generally observed that the addition of (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles has a positive effect on the fatigue behaviour of the such materials.
In this work, the effects of adding activated carbon (AC) powder with epoxy resin were investigated experimentally. The particulate epoxy composites are manufactured in vacuum technique with different weight fraction ratios of AC (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40) % wt. The particle size was measured during this work by laser particle size analyzer with an average size of about (14.74μm). The interaction between epoxy material and AC powder was examined by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Moreover, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the pure epoxy and composite material were measured by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The tensile strength behavior and interaction strength between the matrix material and powder were investigated by conducting tensile test and SEM analysis. The results of FTIR test reveal that there is no a new peak after reinforcing epoxy with AC powder, which proves there is a strong interaction between epoxy resin and AC powder. The DSC results show that the increases by adding AC to epoxy will increase Tg temperature. The findings of FTIR analysis were supported by SEM analysis, which shows a good interaction and strong interfacial between matrix and particles. The tensile strength values increased with increasing AC content up to 15 % wt. with a max value of 26.34 MPa (19.16%), then it decreased to 18.15 MPa at 40 % wt.
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