Recently, there was a struggle to control the volume of production and the volume of production between countries and regions in the world. Rather, western countries had a desire to attract investments in the east to their own countries and regions. This desire has led to the emergence of the Industry 4.0 phenomenon of the West, which is Germany. In other words, with this phenomenon, the industry is aimed to digitize production more and contribute to the issues of speed, efficiency and flexibility by providing digitalization in production. With these changes, Industry 4.0, was seen that the system was working better than it was and production was made cheaper than the system, when taking the muscle strength out of the system. While the positive contributions of Industry 4.0 have resonated with all sectors, it has also started to have an impact on the agricultural sector. Problems such as scarcity in the world, not using natural resources effectively and not using technology in the agricultural field, have caused the emergence of digitalization in the agricultural sector. "Agriculture 4.0", wich means making smart production with smart farming practices by using the concepts, information and technologies in the literature. In line with the possibilities and technological developments offered by Industry 4.0, it enables the sensors to be seen in all agricultural machines from the tractor to the crop tools and the communication of the machines in the entire production process by entering the internet of things into the agricultural sector. As a matter of fact, with the agriculture 4.0, the traditional agriculture paradigm has not been sufficient anymore and it contributes to sustainability, to be productive, to protect the rural texture, to protect the environmental quality and to provide accessible food by undergoing changes and agricultural practices. In the study, the problems experienced in the agricultural sector, the effects of Agriculture 4.0 on these problems and how they will benefit are discussed. The use of technology has given the system its name and agriculture has also taken its share in the developments. Accordingly, what are the practices of Agriculture 4.0 in the world and how their contributions are investigated.
Nowadays, the effects of global dynamics are directive on enterprises. Competitiveness is triggered by these dynamics and determine the efficiency of enterprises. Therefore, not only the local and national dimension, but also the global actors have a say on the viability of enterprises and their competitiveness. In such an ecological environment, it is possible to come across many strategies for gaining competitiveness and skills. Porter points out that the national resources should be used optimally and that each country should specialize in specific areas and build clusters through these areas and thus use the resources effectively. Therefore, it draws attention to “the importance of clustering,” which is one of the instruments effective in competitiveness with global dynamics. In this study, strategic management processes of small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of clustering will be discussed. In addition, the contribution of cluster studies to SMEs in Industry 4.0 digitalization process will be briefly mentioned.
Towards the end of the twentieth century, radical changes have taken place within the framework of strategic management and organization-environment relationship. Technology, speed, competition and globalization factors have rapidly modified the environmental dynamics in the organization-environment relationship. In today's chaotic world, the effects of the crisis and environmental uncertainties have spread rapidly and widely not only in narrow area but all over the world. This situation makes it difficult for organizations aiming to live an eternal life to continue their lives and accelerates the occurrence of organizational death.In this context, Organizational Ecology and Chaos Theories have been emerging as guides in ensuring the sustainability of organizations. This study, it is aimed to draw a road map for organizations by making a comparison based on the suggestions and arguments of Organizational Ecology and Chaos Theories in order for organizations to have a more sustainable life. As a result of the evaluation, recommendations were made for learning to live with uncertainties and a correct action plan by developing sensors on the way to becoming a sustainable organization, based on the dynamics of the future. At this point, organizations need to have a flexible and agile structure and develop early warning systems so that they can leave the foggy and unpredictable environment created by the chaotic atmosphere with minimum damage and seize the new opportunities that arise. In addition, they should determine strategies by developing various scenarios against unforeseen threats, and they should consider environmental factors while doing these.
Strateji ve stratejik yönetim günümüzün hızla değişen küresel ekonomisi ve iş ortamında işletmelerin yaşamaları ve bu yaşamlarını sürdürülebilir kılmalarını sağlayan önemli bir yönetim aracıdır. Çevrede meydana gelen bu hızlı değişimlere entegre olabilmek işletmelerden yüksek düzeyde üretkenlik hızı ve esneklik talep etmektedir. Bu talepleri karşılayabilmek adına işletmeler gerek örgüt yapılarını gerekse iş yapma biçimlerini stratejik olarak değiştirmelidirler. Yapılan son araştırmalar da bu sonucu destekler biçimde rekabetçi pazarlarda etkin bir strateji uygulamanın başarılı işletmeleri başarısız olanlardan ayıracak en önemli faktör olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı Türkiye'deki bankalarda strateji uygulamasına etki eden temel faktörleri analiz etmektir. Özellikle iletişim sistemleri, örgüt kültürü, örgüt yapısı ve liderlik tarzının bankalarda strateji uygulamasını etkileyip etkilemediğini ve etkiliyorsa bunun göreceli önemini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla 28 bankanın üst-orta ve alt kademe yöneticileriyle 167 anket yapılmış, sonuçlar analiz edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.
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