Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder. It is a pathological state leads to long term complications causing damage of different tissue and organs as heart and blood vessels. Ginger is one of the most important plants with several medicinal, nutritional and ethnomedical values. Cinnamon contains proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins [A, C, K, B3], Minerals like Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorous, Sodium and Zinc. Aim of the work: Evaluation the effects of ginger and cinnamon extracts administration on diabetic adult male albino rats.Materials and Methods: Seventy adult male albino rats of local strain were divided into equal seven groups as follow: Group I: served as control group received normal saline, Group II: high fat diet control group, Group III: high fat diet diabetic control group, Group IV: High fat diet, diabetic and metformin group, Group V: high fat diet, diabetic and ginger group, Group VI: high fat diet, diabetic and cinnamon group and Group VII: high fat diet, diabetic, ginger and cinnamon group. Results: Metformin, ginger and cinnamon administration to diabetic rats leads a significant decrease of blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin level, cholesterol, TG, LDL, atherosclerosis index, atherogenic index, MDa, TNF α and CRP levels associated with significant increase in serum insulin and catalase levels. Conclusion: Metformin, ginger and cinnamon have a protective effect against abnormalities in diabetic rats due to its antioxidant properties.
Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treating several types of cancer as well as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, but its use is limited due to its nephrotoxicity. The purpose of this research work was to observe ameliorative effects of L‐carnitine (LC) toward renal toxicity caused by MTX and mechanisms responsible for these effects. Thirty‐two male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups (eight rats/group), control group (received saline), MTX group (20 mg/kg/i.p. once), LC group (500 mg/kg/i.p. for 5 days), and MTX + LC group (received a single MTX dose 20 mg/kg/i.p. followed by LC 500 mg/kg/i.p. for 5 days). Histopathological examinations, lipid oxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α] and interleukin‐6 [IL‐6]) and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl2, and caspase‐3) were used to assess renal toxicity. Moreover, the protein levels of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and its downstream signaling targets, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) in addition to heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) were measured. LC significantly protected against MTX‐induced nephrotoxicity. It ameliorated MTX‐induced renal histopathological changes and diminished MTX‐induced renal oxidative stress, renal inflammation, and apoptosis. LC also upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and PGC‐1 as well as Nrf2 and HO‐1. By controlling the expression of renal SIRT1/PGC‐1/Nrf2/HO‐1, LC displayed antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic activities. Hence, using LC supplements may help prevent negative MTX side effects.
Article informationBackground: Cannabis is a versatile plant in conventional medicine, and intera-peritoneal infusion of its hydroalcoholic extract reduced sperm motility substantially over time. Seminiferous tubule diameter and sperm count both significantly reduced when as opposed to the control group. The reproductive system of animals undergoes morphological and physiological alterations as a result of chronic ethanol intake.Vitamin C has a crucial part in the male reproductive system and plays an antioxidant role in organisms by scavenging reactive oxygen species [ROS] created by oxidizing agents. Aim of the work:Evaluation of effects of ethanol and cannabis consumption on adult albinos' reproductive hormones together with histopathological changes. Patients and Methods:The forty animals were divided into four groups: group I, which received only normal saline; group II, which was given oral ethanol [30% [v/v]] at a dose of 2 g/kg; group III, which obtained oral cannabis at an amount of 1.5 mg/kg; and group IV, which acquired ethanol and cannabis by way of ingestion and at the dose indicated above for 28 days. 24 hours after the last dose had been administered, rats were killed, blood was taken, and the resulting serum chemical profile was evaluated. Testes were gathered and measured. Glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase peroxidase inhibitor glutathione, malondialdehyde, and histology [hematoxylin and eosin] levels in the testis were measured. Results:In comparison to controls, all experimental groups had significantly lower testosterone levels and testicular glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase [SOD], and peroxidase glutathione levels. Malondialdehyde, on the other hand, was markedly elevated in each group of experiments as compared to controls. Alcohol and/or cannabis produced structural abnormalities in the testicles. Conclusion:Ethanol and cannabis abuse had comparable, additive, and synergistic effects that were detrimental to male reproductive health. These effects may be related to how they damaged the body's antioxidant protection mechanism
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