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In this study, for the first time we revealed a significant decrease in BDNF levels after ECT sessions in acute manic patients. Besides clinical remission after treatment in acute mania, the decrement in BDNF levels does not seem to be related to clinical response. Thus cumulative effects of mood episodes for the ongoing decrease in BDNF levels might be borne in mind despite the achievement of remission and/or more time being required for an increase in BDNF levels after treatment.

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Öz: Bu çalışma Nazik Gölü balıkçılık faaliyetlerinin belirlenebilmesi için Eylül-Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında, aktif olarak çalışan 18 balıkçı ile yüz yüze anket görüşmesi yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nazik Gölü'nde balık avcılığında 0,4 donam faktörüyle donatılmış 140 mm ağ göz açıklığına sahip fanyalı uzatma ağlarının kullanıldığı saptanmıştır. Bu ağları kullanan teknelerin ortalama yaşı 12,40±5,04 yıl, ortalama boyu 6,50±1,34 m, ortalama motor yaşı 11,61±3,97 yıl ve ortalama motor gücü 14,11±6,08 BG olarak tespit edilmiştir. Gölde yıllık 55316 kg balık avladığı belirlenmiştir. Teknelerde çalışan tayfaların ortalama sayısı 1,22±0,73 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Tayfaların %83'ünün sürekli %17'sinin ise arada bir, çalıştığı saptamıştır. Balıkçıların %78'inin ilkokul, %22'sinin ortaokul mezunu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışan balıkçılar içerisinde lise veya üniversite mezununun olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Balıkçılık yapanların ortalama yaşının 36,44±10,04 olduğu, %83'ünün evli ve ortalama çocuk sayısının 4,27±2,98 olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca balıkçıların %61'inin balıkçılığı bırakmayı düşündükleri tespit edilmiştir. Balıkçıların en önemli sorunlarının kaçak avcılık ve avladıkları balığın düşük fiyata satılması olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre balıkçıların hepsinin ikinci bir işinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Özellikle sezonun kapalı olduğu dönemlerde çoğunluğunun inşaatta işçi olarak çalıştığı, bunun yanında hayvancılık ve tarımla da uğraştıkları tespit edilmiştir.

In this study, male BD patients in a depressive episode demonstrated an increase in cardiovascular risk. The significant correlations between AIP and other conventional cardiovascular risk factors indicate that AIP may be more useful to identify individuals with BD at high risk for CVD than absolute lipid parameters.

This study was carried out to reveal the problems threatening Salmo tigridis stock inhabited in Çatak Stream and to offer some solutions to overcome these problems. Çatak is the largest stream of the region and located at 81 km southern of the Van city center. Salmo tigridis, which is only distributed in Çatak and Bahçesaray streams, faces the danger of extinction. In this study, it was observed that sand-graveling activities at Çatak Stream muddied the stream and destroyed appropriate reproduction habitats. Another problem is that Çatak Stream's over-destruction of vegetation in the catchment basin increases flood risk and flood-related sudden flow increases. In addition, it was determined that studies carried out for river improvement and flood control disturbed the natural flow regime of the stream, leading to deterioration in the base and coastal structure. Another threat is the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that escape from fish farms. Catching with prohibited methods and fishing gears is also a problem that threatens the future of native trout stock in the stream. With this study, the problems that threaten the tigris trout stock in Çatak Stream were identified and some proposals were presented. Keywords

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Introduction:In the literature, the relationship between appetite regulating peptides and alcohol craving is on the debate.Aim:This study aims to investigate serum level of NUCB2/nesfatin-1, which is discovered as appetite-related neuropeptide, in patients with alcohol dependence who were in craving and abstaining phase and to compare with healthy controls.Settings and Design:Research, Treatment, and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence, (AMATEM) Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, case–control and prospective study design were used.Statistical Analysis:Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, paired samples, independent samples t- and Pearson correlation tests were used for analysis.Materials and Methods:Forty-three patients with alcohol dependence who have been admitted for detoxification and thirty healthy controls were included in the study. The blood samples were drawn after the 1st day of admission and postdetoxification treatment in inpatients who reached to abstinence period and from 30 healthy controls. The Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale were applied to detect craving scores.Results:Initial serum NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels in patients were significantly lower than in the healthy control group (P < 0.001). The NUCB2/nesfatin-1 level of initial phase was significantly lower than abstinence phase (P = 0.027). No correlation was found between craving scores and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 level (P > 0.05).Conclusion:This study is the first that showed significant differences of serum NUCB2/nesfatin-1 level according to different stages of alcohol dependence. Plasma NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels were lower in highest craving phase and tended to normalize after abstinence. Since we could not find a correlation between craving and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels, the increase of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in abstinence phase might have been resulted from other reasons apart from craving.