RESUMO: Com a utilização de plantas medicinais em infusões, xaropes, tinturas, ungüentos, dentre outras formas, pressupõe-se que fungos endofíticos, presentes no interior das plantas, mas sem causar doença, possam tornar-se um componente destes produtos, principalmente quando utilizados in natura. Além disso, os fungos endofíticos podem também produzir substâncias tóxicas aos usuários ou mesmo alterar o metabolismo vegetal, modificando a composição e as propriedades medicinais, assim como, a qualidade do produto armazenado e comercializado. Neste sentido, objetivou-se isolar e identificar a flora fúngica endofítica de onze espécies medicinais escolhidas ao acaso. Palavras-chave: fungos endofíticos, plantas medicinaisABSTRACT: Endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants. With the use of medicinal plants in infusions, syrups, dyes, unguents, among other forms, it is expected that endophytic fungi, present inside the plants but not causing diseases, become components of these products, especially when used in natura. In addition, endophytic fungi can produce toxic substances to the users or even modify the plant metabolism, altering the medicinal composition and properties, as well as the quality of the stored and commercialized product. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify the endophytic flora from eleven randomly chosen medicinal species. Pure cultures were obtained from the fungi Phomopsis, Colletotrichum, Pestalotia, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Nigrospora and Glomerella endophytically occurring in Plectranthus barbatus, Vernonia condensata, Pfaffia paniculata, Foeniculum vulgare, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus, Cordia curassavica, Maytenus ilicifolia, Punica granatum, Morus nigra and Bauhinia forficata. The plant species that presented the highest number of endophytic fungi were Vernonia condensata, Punica granatum and Morus nigra. All fungi recovered in this study showed strictly endophytic features, not manifesting pathogenicity in their host species. Among the detected fungi, special attention must be given to the genus Fusarium, since a wide range of species of this genus are known to produce mycotoxins and constitute important post-harvest pathogens.
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