A membrane-based treatment strategy was developed for purifying the highly alkaline textile mercerization wastewater. 0.2-µm MF and 100 kDa UF membranes were evaluated as pretreatment alternatives before 10 kDa UF and 200 Da NF membranes. Turbidity was almost totally removed by both pretreatment options, while UF (100 kDa) showed higher COD retention than MF. In total recycle mode of filtration, fouling of both UF and MF membranes were 80% reversible by physical and almost totally reversible (≥ 97%) by chemical cleaning. In the second stage filtrations applied to the pretreated wastewater samples, NF could yield high (97-98%) COD retentions and low permeate COD concentrations (≤ 22 mg/L), while 10 kDa UF could only reduce the COD concentration to 150 mg/L. While no NaOH was lost in the MF+UF process, the use of NF as second stage resulted in 12-17% NaOH retention. The permeate flux in all second stage processes were stable, implying that the majority of the feed components that would cause fouling had been removed in the pretreatment stages. Permeate of the MF+NF sequence was concentrated by evaporation with no foaming problems, showing that the hybrid process can be applied to recycle a purified and concentrated caustic stream to the mercerization process.

In the recent years, there has been considerable debate about the potential impacts of antibiotics present in various environments on the public health and ecology. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of tetracycline antibiotic group used for growth and treatment of animals and humans. In this study, OTC and nitrate (NO-N) were simultaneously reduced using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (H-MBfR). The system successfully accomplished OTC and nitrate removals. The fluxes of OTC and NO-N were 8.96 mg OTC/m day and 1100 mg N/m day, respectively. On the other hand, the fluxes of H utilized for OTC and NO-N reductions were calculated as maximum values of 1.71 and 395 mg H/m day, respectively. The concentrations of transformation products of OTC formed at ppb levels. The dominant species in all the experimental periods with OTC biodegradation referred to Naxibacter sp., Uncultured Beta proteobacterium, Janthinobacterium sp. and Alicycliphilus denitrificans in autotrophic biofilm community degrading OTC.

a b s t r a c tIn this study, the removal of phenol by persulfate (PS) activated with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was investigated. The influence of operation parameters such as pH, nZVI dosage, PS concentration and the initial phenol concentration on the phenol removal was evaluated through a series of batch experiments. The generated nZVI particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses. The combination of nZVI and PS was more effective for the removal of phenol in comparison to nZVI alone and PS alone. Phenol removal enhanced with increase of nZVI dosage from 0.1 to 0.4 g/L and PS concentration from 5 to 12.5 mM. Phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal decreased with increase of the initial phenol concentration. Phenol and COD removal of 92.4% and 61.3% were obtained under the following conditions: natural pH of solution, nZVI dosage of 0.4 g/L, PS concentration of 10 mM and phenol concentration of 50 mg/L. The first-order kinetics was applied to the data. It was found that phenol removal by combination of nZVI and PS fitted first-order kinetics. Radical quenching studies revealed that the dominant radical species was sulfate radicals (SO 4 •-). The findings showed that the combination of nZVI and PS could be effective for phenol removal.

ÖzZeytinyağı üretim atıksuları; mevsimsel üretim, tesislerin geniş arazilere yayılması, yüksek organik yük gibi çeşitli faktörlerden dolayı zeytinyağı üretimi yapan Akdeniz Ülkelerinde ciddi bir çevresel problemdir. Bu atıksuların miktarı ve kirlilik yükü kullanılan üretim prosesine ve işletim koşullarına bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Organik madde, askıda katı madde, yağ ve gres içerikleri oldukça Characteristics of Olive Oil Wastewater, Its Environmental Effects and Treatment Technologies AbstractOlive oil manufacturing wastewater is a serious environmental problem in the Mediterranean regions due to several factors such as seasonal production, distribution over large areas of mills, high organic load. Amount and pollutant load of this wastewater changes depending production process used and operational conditions. Organic matter, suspended solid matter, oil and grease contents of this wastewater are quite high. Treatment of olive oil wastewaters becomes difficult due to high organic matter, seasonal

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