An engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) company is challenged to compete in a cut-throat industry with many competitors and slim profit margin. Previous studies revealed that 70% of activities in a construction project are non-value adding which diminish productivity and profitability. As well as at PT. XYZ, the historical results showed that most of projects run by this company ended up in delay and cost overrun. Those previous studies had concluded that the most common factor that leads to project delay and cost overrun was poor design in engineering phase. This paper aims to identify the waste factors affecting cost during the engineering phase of EPC project at PT. XYZ. Lean information framework was utilized to identify and analyze the waste factors. Based on the extensive literature review, it was identified that there were 28 waste factors which can be classified into six groups of wastes. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to 48 participants to be filled out to investigate the dominant waste factors. The factor analysis, correlative test, descriptive and relative index analysis were then carried out. The results showed that the dominant waste factors are waiting for the needed documents, the long and far meetings, waiting for feedback information, waiting for the document approval, outdated information, and producing dummy document. The managerial implications are PT. XYZ should focus on efficient planning, streamlined information flow, pull-based planning activities, continuous improvement, and human resource development.
Scaffold is a 3-dimensional matrix created as a new bone cell growth medium madefrom natural polymers and bioceramics. The extracted pectin from green Cincau leaves(Premna oblongifolia Merr) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are used in the manufacture ofscaffolds. Pectin was extracted using citric acid with variation concentration of 0, 0.1,0.2 and 0.3% (w / v). The 3% (w / w) HA-pectin mixture, dried freeze using a freezedryer. The characterization of extracted pectin and HA-pectin scaffold was thenperformed. The results showed that pectin of green Cincau leaves had low methoxylcontent, which was 1.364 to 5.022%. The resulting scaffold has a pore size rangingfrom 8.25 to 115 µm while the scaffold resistance to the load, ie 0.03 to 0.15 MPa. Thescaffold porosity that has been made is 15.33 to 40.97% while the density is 0.69 to1.02 g/cm3Keywords: Green Cincau Leaf, Hydroxyapatite, Pectin, Scaffold
The concept of Smart Mobility is very closely related to public transportation. Trans Jakarta's operational effectiveness is one of the important factors in realizing Smart Transportation in the province of DKI Jakarta. This research looks at the strategies and technologies that have been applied by the company, the travel time of buses which operate on Corridor 1, and the factors affecting trip duration. The analysis was conducted based on the data obtained, which comprised of both primary and secondary data. Primary data includes interviews and field observations, such as the number of stops, the duration of traffic lights, and areas that point to potential obstacles. Secondary data was obtained from the company, which includes the number of passengers, bus travel history, and bus specifications and capacity. By adapting to the research conducted by Benevolo, et al. [5] regarding Smart Mobility Taxonomy, Comi, et al. [1] regarding travel time variability, and Berhan, et al. [2] regarding the optimization of the number of buses operating using the Linear Programming method, this research obtained results in the form of benefits of the technology implemented, as well as providing a solution in the form of a bus schedule (time table) which will subsequently be used as a basis to determine the minimum number of buses operating in order to optimize bus utilization and daily operating costs.
The paper seeks to empirically investigate the relationships among Critical Success Factors (CSF) of TQM and performance outcomes within one Public Service Sector in Indonesia by drawing on employee and management perceptions. Twentyfour hypotheses regarding the relations of CSF of TQM and performance outcomes have been developed through literature review and the research model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The study utilized survey data obtained from 310 respondent (employee and managers). The results indicate that leadership is a key factor that can drive performance improvement. The other critical success factors that drive services quality are continuous improvement, customer focus, and operational performance. Researchers could use the results of this study to explore variously related hypothesis in more detail. Managers in public organizations must realize that it is imperative for them to enhance their leadership as is it essential for effective quality improvement.
In this research, the synthesis of hydroxyapatite compound (HAp) has been done by extracting technique from cow cortex thigh bones to eliminate organic compounds contained in bone so that it can be used as raw material of bone graft. The method used is alkaline hydrolysis method of soaking bone in NaOH solution with variation of concentration (1M, 2M, 3M) and immersion time (30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes). The extracted HAp powder was then analyzed using FTIR, XRD and SEM. The results showed that a hydroxyapatite powder with a soaking time of 30 minutes and a 2M and 3M NaOH concentration did not contain organic elements. The XRD peak pattern shows the phase formed is a hydroxyapatite with a hexagonal structure having an average crystal size of 10-12 nm.
Research on the application of chitosan as an edible film and coating has been developed. However, its hydrophilic nature causes edible films and coatings to be sensitive to air humidity so that they have a low moisture barrier. In addition, chitosan also has low thermal stability. This research combines natural rubber which is hydrophobic with relatively high thermal stability with chitosan which is antibacterial. The composite film between latex and chitosan was made by using the pour solution method. The occurrence of composites between latex and chitosan was proven from the results of FTIR and SEM characterization. The results of TGA characterization showed that the latex film (sample L1) had the highest thermal stability and the latex-chitosan composite (sample L1C3) had the lowest thermal stability. In the antibacterial test, it was concluded that the latex-chitosan film composite did not have bacteriocidal properties which was thought to be caused by the amine group in chitosan which could not diffuse on the media because it had formed a composite with latex. Based on the results of characterization and tests that have been carried out, it is concluded that the latex-chitosan composite film has thermal stability, optimal morphology in oxygen exchange with carbon dioxide, and has unmissable bacteriostatic properties. bacteria, liquid droplets, and moisturizers are samples of the L1C1 formula which is a sample with a 1% chitosan content. Keywords: Latex; Chitosan; Chitosan Latex Composite Film; Solution Casting; Thermal Stability; Antibacterial
This research focuses on the properties and capabilities of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcing agents in ceramic composite bearing components. The addition of CNT to pure ceramics can form composites with much better performance than conventional ceramics for various applications. The study was started from the pure ceramics in their use as a component of bearing total hip arthroplasty and the damage that occurred after implantation. The study covers factors that cause degradation of conventional ceramics introduction of properties and use of CNTs as new reinforcing agents for ceramic composite materials widely used sintering method and the heat and pressure parameters used during the sintering process to meet the standards for the manufacture of Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) bearing component. The contact and buckling behaviors of the CNTs influence the composites friction properties. The presence of CNT until 20 wt% of CNT exhibited improve wear resistance with lower friction with the increase of weight percent. CNT reinforced ceramic coating might be capable to withstand high load-bearing conditions. Plastic deformation can be one of the critical processes in wear in the ceramics wear mechanism. Other processes are cracking and chemical reaction. The microstructures and porosity take an important role in indicating the ceramics wear properties and wear mechanisms.
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