Cortisol is a hormone that is naturally produced by the zona fasciculata of the cortex in the adrenal gland. One of its main functions is to decrease inflammation, particularly in areas where an inflammatory response is not necessary. In the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, cortisol is used to improve the outcomes of surgical procedures and to make the postoperative period more comfortable for the patient. However, cortisol is considered a double-edged sword because its use is associated with both benefits and adverse effects. It is imperative to use cortisol following an accurate diagnosis, in addition to clarity regarding the desired surgical procedure for treating the acute or chronic condition affecting the patient. When used with caution, cortisol can serve as a valuable agent for reducing the postoperative inflammatory response in patients undergoing moderate as well as moderately severe surgical procedures.

Exodontia, the removal of a compromised tooth, ideally consists of the painless removal of the tooth or tooth root, with minimal trauma to the surrounding tissues, resulting in complete healing without creating postoperative prosthetic problems. Fractures of the tooth’s root tip during exodontia can be common in some cases, such as in teeth with irregular root morphology or severely decayed teeth. The current article presents a technical report in which endodontic files made it possible to remove a fractured root tip from a maxillary third molar without using force.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of working length (WL) determination when using the conventional electronic WL (EWL) technique versus using the novel Apexoconnection technique involving EWL with a connector (EWLc). Materials and Methods Sixty extracted posterior teeth with a total of 118 root canals were selected for the study. The real WL (RWL) of each canal was verified using a dental microscope under 25.6x magnification. Root canal lengths were measured with an apex locator using the attachment device directly attached to the hand file in the root canal and then adding another hand file as a connector between the attachment device and the file in the root canal. The distance from the file’s stopper to its tip was measured using a digital caliper. Statistical analysis was carried out to analyze the data between experimental groups. Results The results of the statistical test showed that the differences in the WL determined by either technique and the proper length as determined under the microscope were not statistically significant. The results of the statistical test comparing the groups were also not statistically significant. Conclusion In this in vitro study, both the novel and conventional techniques were equally accurate for determining WL when compared with the RWL.

Visual novels are vital learning tools that promote student satisfaction and help them acquire the skills and knowledge needed to solve problems. They use interactive narrative designs to create a list of effective teaching strategies to enhance user experience. The practical use of these resources would require orienting learners to online training to improve their understanding of content. Educators must recognize the uniqueness of online learning designs and tools to develop effective strategies to enhance user understanding and improve student-teacher interactions. Visual novels' effectiveness in maxillofacial surgery education should involve assessing the play and diverting attention from lesson content to how effectively students learn. Deduction activities and features in the game should be informative and entertaining and make considerations for short-and long-term objectives like delivering feedback on immediate and appropriate tool use and communication.Visual novels are interactive, allowing users to control story development through specific actions. These interactive narratives are primarily used in academic and industrial contexts covering diverse subjects. These models have become increasingly crucial in maxillofacial surgery, providing technical help and improving surgery's quality and speed. Instructors could develop the games as a course component or integrate them with other course materials because they are easy to access and download. However, some visual novels have failed to incorporate educational content delivery with interactive experiences. This indicates a research gap in interactive narrative designs and the primary content delivery mechanisms. Incorporating these resources into education and practice would reduce reliance on experience alone, reducing surgical errors and mistakes. This review highlights the importance of visual novels in maxillofacial surgery education and emphasizes their educational role.