A large number of sensors and intelligent devices are interconnected via the internet to collect data as part of the internet of things (IoT) applications. Data security is one of the important challenges for these applications due to vulnerability of the internet. IoT devices limiting factors, such as delay-sensitivity, restricted memory, and low computing capability, make choosing the appropriate data encryption standard extremely important. The current research focuses on evaluating four data security, block cipher standards for the IoT smart home application. Considering the encryption/decryption speed, DES, TDES, AES, and SAFER+ standards are evaluated by implementing the algorithms with MATLAB to determine the best security solution. The simulation of the four standards shows the superiority of SAFER+ standard in term of encryption speed compared to others added to its capabilities on security, and software implementation opportunity. The use of classical symmetric key standards for real time data security in the IoT application can be validated through the selection of SAFER+.
The energy industry and in particular the Oil Refineries are extremely important elements in Iraq's infrastructure. A terrorist attack on one oil refinery will have a catastrophic impact on oil production and the whole economy. It can also cause serious damage to the environment and even losses of human lives. The security of information systems and industrial control systems such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and Distributed Control System (DCS) used in the oil industry is a major part of infrastructure protection strategy. This paper describes an attempt to use several security procedures to design a secure, robust system for the SCADA and DCS systems currently in use in the North Oil Refinery in the city of Baiji located in northern Iraq.
Data security is a major challenge today. To protect data in the Internet or in private networks many measures exist. The most important security layer is the use of encryption standard to protect information from eavesdropper. Today many encryption standards exist failing in two categories: symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms. In this work Secure And Fast Encryption Routine (SAFER+) standard is implemented using MATLAB. The development in computer programming techniques and languages offers a good opportunity of the software implementation of encryption standards with moderate cost and good performance. MATLAB can be considered today as the first engineering programming language with powerful mathematical function and reliable programming procedures.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are characterized by their ability to monitor physical or chemical phenomena in a static or dynamic location by collecting data, and transmit it in a collaborative manner to one or more processing centers wirelessly using a routing protocol. Energy dissipation is one of the most challenging issues due to the limited power supply at the sensor node. All routing protocols are large consumers of energy, as they represent the main source of energy cost through data exchange operation. Clusterbased hierarchical routing algorithms are known for their good performance in energy conservation during active data exchange in WSNs. The most common of this type of protocol is the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), which suffers from the problem of the pseudo-random selection of cluster head resulting in large power dissipation. This critical issue can be addressed by using an optimization algorithm to improve the LEACH cluster heads selection process, thus increasing the network lifespan. This paper proposes the LEACH-CHIO, a centralized cluster-based energyaware protocol based on the Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimizer (CHIO) algorithm. CHIO is a newly emerging human-based optimization algorithm that is expected to achieve significant improvement in the LEACH cluster heads selection process. LEACH-CHIO is implemented and its performance is verified by simulating different wireless sensor network scenarios, which consist of a variable number of nodes ranging from 20 to 100. To evaluate the algorithm performances, three evaluation indicators have been examined, namely, power consumption, number of live nodes, and number of incoming packets. The simulation results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed protocol over basic LEACH protocol for the three indicators.
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