Street has played multi functional purposes. It is not only a place for business, but also for interaction, communication, and culture activities. Mosul City Centre in Iraq has witnessed a negligence crisis that can threaten the character of the city and reduce the functional roles of public spaces. So, this research endeavours to examine two of these functional roles, namely: the social and cultural roles of Nineveh Street in Mosul City Centre, Iraq. The study asks what are the social and cultural roles which Nineveh Street plays in giving the sense of place in Mosul City Centre? Mixed methods are adopted in this study using the triangulation design through the combination of quantitative data with qualitative data to further analyse and facilitate comparisons and relations between them. Three Hundred Thirty questionnaire surveys was used to provide quantitative data, besides 30 interviews as well as observation to provide qualitative data. As a result, Nineveh Street has played weak cultural and social roles in influencing the sense of place, thus there is a need to restore these roles to secure the sense of place in Mosul City Centre.
Technique of painted wood paneling in the art and craft of Ajami has been popularly practiced in the seventeenth to late eighteenth century especially during the Ottoman period. 'Ajami is used to describe the technique of painted wooden wall panel as well as the interior as a whole. Nowadays, it can be seen that this beautiful decorative painting technique is subjected to threats and would gradually become one of an extinct art in Syria. This paper discusses the rediscovering of traditional techniques of 'Ajami and its visual attributes in the painted wood paneling products of two Syrian master artisans who are actively involved in the craft industry, namely Abdulraouf Baydoun and Fadiraeed. Their works and opinions were obtained through face-to-face interviews that served as inferential evidences and primary data for this study. The interviews focused on the aspect of fabrication and innovation of 'Ajami as painted wood paneling with particular emphasis on visual components and techniques used. Field observation and photographic documentation of their works were necessary measures to complement the interviews. Hence, examination on the works produced by the artisans which exemplifies their distinctive craftsmanship is also addressed in this paper. It was found that the most profound works produced by them are 'Ajami for interior application with distinctive techniques and visual attributes. The finding also signifies their strong preferences to the application of floral and geometrical design for innovative wood paneling. This implies that the development of new ideas based on the traditional techniques has become the most influencing factor that governs their craftsmanship in sustaining the applied art and design of 'Ajami in Syria.
The concept of urban space is associated with society’s needs and behaviors. Since street is the first element of urban form space which defines the old city, it has been used for as multi-functional spaces to include gathering, meeting, shopping, work and enjoyment. However, regarding rapid development and changing in people needs, the street lose some of their functional and urban characteristics. Hence, this affect the street on being sustainable urban space. Accordingly, this paper examines the principles of sustainable urban place with eight factors: connectivity, accessibility, diversity and mixed land-use, attractiveness, comfort, safety, social environment, and liveliness. This fulfilled by conducting people’s opinions on these sustainable factors. The aim of this research is to make Sulaymaniyah city center a sustainable urban city. The research selected (5) main streets in Sulaimani city center as a case study including Mawlawi Street, Kawa Street, Saboonkaran Street, Goran Street (Orezdi), and Piramerd Street. The study employed 240 questionnaire Surveys that analyzed quantitatively using SPSS software. Besides, 20 interviews with lectures and professional architects that analyzed qualitatively. In addition, the study uses direct observation and photography techniques. The study concludes that it is difficult to consider Sulaimani City Center a sustainable urban city because it does not meet the principles of sustainability efficiently.
In ancient times, walking was the first mode of transportation that human used, where humans walked on the earth in search of food, water, and shelter. Nowadays following many decades of development, the nature of mankind has changed due to a change in their needs and lifestyle, which includes the emergence and development of transportation modes, such as cars, buses, and trains. Modes of travel from place to place have changed, whereas reliance on using cars in travel is increasing. The problem of the study is increasing the use of cars and depending on them as a major mean of transportation instead of walking on foot. Hence, the concept of walkability is manifested, and is defined as the extent to which walking is readily available to the pedestrian as a safe, connected, accessible, and pleasant activity. Through this definition, this research examines or evaluates factors of walkability in National Park in Kuala-Lumpur through studying and analyzing dependent travel mode and behavior of its users. The Kuala Lumpur City was chosen as the case study based on being the capital of Malaysia and the only city being included in the Annual World Ranking of the Most Livable Cities in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to diagnose factors that have an impact on walkability, thus supporting travel by foot, using public transportation and bicycle, and reducing the usage of cars. All of these issues are to make Kuala-Lumpur as a more livable city and within top 20 livable cities in the world in 2020. The methodology of research depends on two types of techniques: quantitative as the main technique by applying 240 questionnaire surveys; and the qualitative technique in support of the first technique by applying 20 interviews, as well as direct observation of the location. This study concludes that it is difficult to reduce dependency on cars as mode of moving from place to other, since there is a lack in providing comfort and safety, which affects other factors of walkability. Thus, listing Kuala-Lumpur within the best 20 livable cities in the world as 2020 plan will be more difficult.
Due to the unfit development of street characteristics, and negligence of maintenance, street loss what is precious and its sense, here the people's feelings and perception of the streets have been negatively affected. This paper highlights landscape features as physical characteristics of streets including soft landscape (trees) and hard landscape (street furniture). This is to identify the roles of these two types of landscape features in securing sense of place. Nineveh Street in Mosul City Center, Iraq is selected as a case study. Mixed methods were selected for this research, quantitative technique by using 330 questionnaire survey, and qualitative technique by using 30 semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The study concludes that landscape features of streets contribute to create sense of safety and comfort that in turns give sense of place. The lack of the role of landscape features in providing safety and comfort has a negative effect on reducing the influence of sense of place in the street.
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