Corona-virus disease?2019 (COVID?19) increased burdens on health systems. A hyper inflammatory response including high ferritin has been a hallmark of COVID?19 infection and is thought to be a key mediator of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to measure ferritin level and investigate its correlation with disease severity and outcome of Sudanese COVID-19 patients. A prospective study enrolled 100 COVID-19 patients in Khartoum state during the period from July to October 2020. We collected participants’ data regarding demographics, clinical presentations, comorbidities, disease severity, and clinical courses during hospitalization, and outcomes. Serum ferritin level was measured for all patients and ferritin level more than 250 μg/L was considered elevated. Among 100 patients, 68(68%) were males, the most common age group was 51-70 years 58(58%). The major comorbidities were Hypertension 48 (48%) and DM 47 (47%). Just under half of the patients presented with mild pneumonia (n=45; 45%) and about one-third (n=37; 37%) received mechanical ventilation. Hyper ferritinemia (ferritin>250 μg/L) was observed in 74(74%) patients. Additionally, 40(40%) had ferritin levels above 1000 μg/L. High ferritin levels were significantly common among patients with shortness of breath (P. value= 0.002), hypertension (P. value= 0.01), diabetes (P. value= 0.025), chronic renal diseases (P. value= 0.007), cardiovascular disease (P. value= 0.036), smoking (P. value= 0.03), need for mechanical ventilation (P. value= 0.000), and longer hospital stay duration above 7 days (P. value= 0.000). On the other hand, high ferritin level was correlated with severe pneumonia (P. value= 0.000), ARDS (P. value= 0.000) and sepsis (P. value= 0.009). As well, high ferritin level was associated with high mortality (P. value= 0.000). we concluded that the ferritin level was very high among COVID-19 patients and associated with increased severity of the disease and poor outcome.
Coronavirus infection disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS COV-2 and it has been increasing continuously in a number of cases and mortalities. COVID-19 had caused more than 197 million infections and 4 million deaths. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, risk factors and outcome of Diabetes Meletus (DM) among COVID-19 patients. Prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study conducted in which 400 COVID-19 patients enrolled in COVID-19 isolation centers in North Sudan. In this study, we noticed that most of the participants were males and constituted 275 (68.9%) of the study participants, the majority of participants’ ages ranged were between 40 to 60 years and was 150 (37.4%). The prevalence of DM was found to be 49.25% among the study participants. Diabetics were significantly more likely to have a respiratory rate higher than 30 (P=0.012), and oxygen saturation less than 93% (P<0.001), to develop shock (P=0.004), to require oxygen therapy (P<0.001), to be intubated (P<0.001), to develop respiratory failure and organ failure (P<0.001), and to have a poorer outcome (P<0.001). New-onset diabetes occurred in 20 (5%) participants and their mortality was higher compared to non-patients with diabetes (P=0.04). The total mortality of participants was 15.8%, factors associated with poorer outcomes were older age (P<0.001), and having type I diabetes (P=0.025). The prevalence of diabetes is very high among COVID-19 patients, and is associated with a more severe disease and a poorer outcome. New onset diabetes was associated with poorer outcomes compared to non-diabetics. More researches requested to discover more risk factors and complications associated with Covid-19.
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