Traditional fuel in the form of firewood and charcoal has been, and is still the predominant source of energy for domestic cooking in sub-Saharan Africa. However, charcoal burning is associated with deforestation. The aim of this study was to assess the preference as well method of production of charcoal in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used to select Kajuru, Kachia and Chikin. Species enumeration was performed and method of production were recorded at each production centres. a lotal of 250 intervied schedule was administered to ascertain the perceive effect. Research shows that P. Africana has the highest mean while D. guinees has lowest mean. furthermore the most widely method used is earth pit kiln with 55% and suitable trunk size was big trunk with 31% couple with the most preferred tree species, P africana 27.41%. in conclusion, the finding of the work reveal that certain tree species were threaten by charcoal production due to the quantum of yield extracted.
Introduction: Accumulating clinical evidence has indicated that hypothyroidism was associated with neurocognitive and linguistic impairments, however, these impairments were not reported in Arabic individuals. The aims of the present study were: 1) to investigate the patterns of linguistic and neurocognitive impairments associated with hypothyroidism in native speakers of Jordanian Arabic and 2) to examine the accuracy of TFT in confirming a clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Methods: A cross sectional design with random recruitment of participants from a targeted hypothyroid (HT) and euthyroid (ET) groups was conducted. Clinical evaluation of hypothyroidism was obtained via a structured questionnaire followed by TFT. Evaluation measures included digit span, confrontation naming, color naming, auditory and visual memory, and visual recognition tasks. The HT group comprised 36 participants including 8 males and 28 females with a ratio of 1:3.5. Their age ranged between 5.11-10.7 years (M= 7.7, SD= ± 1.4). The ET group included an equal number of participants in terms of age and gender, their age ranged between 5.9-10.8 years (M= 7.6, SD= ± 1.5). Results: Results revealed significant differences between the two experimental groups in all of the linguistic and neurocognitive tasks. The HT showed 10 and 26 seconds delayed responses on a timed color naming and visual recognition tasks compared to the ET group. Whereas, the ET group showed larger scores compared to the HT on the digit span, confrontation naming, auditory memory and visual memory tasks. Differences were 2.2, 4, 1.7, and 3 points respectively. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism influences linguistic and neurocognitive functions mainly naming ability, working memory, and auditory and visual processes needed for learning. Clinicians ought to be attentive to these impacts when designing screening and therapy protocols for children with hypothyroidism. Furthermore, TSH showed higher prediction of hypothyroidism and may be used in favor of FT3 and FT4.
In the state effort reduce the number of maternal death, a free child and maternal healthcare programme were introduced called Successful delivery. This main aim of this research is to evaluate if women registered with the programme had a better chance of accessing the services in the state. A cross- sectional quantitative study involving household interviews of all women of the reproductive age group (15–49 years) residing in Jigawa state from February to April 2019. Logistic regression analysis at 95% confidence interval was used to determine the independent associations between the scheme and use of antenatal care, hospital delivery and postnatal care services. Successful delivery program influenced the antenatal care visit as women registered with the schemes are more likely to have maximum of six visit 39.5 times than those who did not and also more likely to have four visit 2.6 times than those without scheme. Hospital delivery is also attached to the scheme as women registered with the scheme is 5.3 times likely to deliver at hospital when compared to those with not. Successful delivery program influence antenatal care visit and hospital base delivery. Nevertheless many of the pregnant women after delivery did not attend postnatal care.
One of the important goals of launching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is maternal health. Nigeria was not able to achieved the target of reduction the maternal mortality as set by MDGs as a target. Nigeria has 37 state and Jigawa state is one of those state. The state has poor indices of health indicator, the maternal mortality is high and also antenatal visit in the state is not encouraging. The objective of the study was to find out the degree (extent) of the usage of the services of the maternal health care and to examine the role of socio-demographic variables and antenatal visit on the uses of the services of maternal health system available in the state. Logistic regression (Binary), chi- square, and bivariate analysis were used and the study used the data collected from the state ministry of health. The study utilized the data for two year (2017-2018) . The finding of this study revealed that socio-economic factors greatly influence the uses of maternal health care services. Level of education (Women’s education) influences the maternal health care utilization. The study found that, the hospital based delivery, antenatal care visit utilization and seeking service after delivery varies among the women with the different level of education, age at marriage, women’s age and residence of women. The study revealed that, the women’s with the high level of education (literate) is 2 times compared to illiterate women likely to use antenatal services (OR=1.97, ANC1.95, full ANC p<0.01), also in terms of hospital delivery literate women is (OR=1.52, p<0.01) or 1.53 times. Women’s education encouragement and support should be advocated because is one among the many strategies to improve the utilisation of the services of maternal health.
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