This book applies the basic ideas and models of economics to develop a single transactions framework to explain the key institutional arrangements across the whole range of public sector organization: the regulatory commission, the executive tax-financed bureau, and the state-owned enterprise. This book also explores the link between agency form and administrative function, agency independence from the legislature, the rights extended to private interests to influence administrative decision making, the role of civil service arrangements that are so often seen as simply frustrating efficiency and responsiveness, and the boundary between public and private sectors. This book should be of value to those with a practical interest in public administration as well as students of political science, public administration, economics, and public policy.
Cell blocks prepared from residual tissue fluids and fine-needle aspirations can be useful adjuncts to smears for establishing a more definitive cytopathologic diagnosis. They can be particularly useful for categorization of tumors that otherwise may not be possible from smears themselves. A modified cell block technique using an improvised ethanol formalin fixative (Nathan alcohol formalin substitute) followed by a simple paraffin processing schedule is described. This improved preparation offers excellent cytomorphologic features corresponding closely to cells in Papanicolaou-stained smears and ensures optimal preservation of histochemical and immunocytochemical properties. The technique is simple and reproducible and uses routine safe laboratory chemicals. The efficacy of cell blocks also is discussed.
Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of liver is a rare tumor with a reputed poor prognosis. Four patients with this tumor are reported, of whom three were alive without recurrence 1.5, 2.5, and 12 years after initial complete surgical resection, and two of whom received no adjuvant therapy. The fourth patient, in whom complete surgical resection of tumor was not achieved, died with recurrent tumor at 13 months. The latter tumor differed histologically and consisted mainly of closely packed smaller undifferentiated cells with a higher mitotic and apoptotic rate. Eosinophilic globules, characteristic of embryonal sarcoma, were found in some cases to contain condensed nuclear chromatin, evidence of origin from tumor cells dying by apoptosis. One tumor mainly contained large cysts lined by biliary‐type epithelium; this suggested an origin from a multipotent precursor cell able to differentiate along both stromal and epithelial lines.
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