BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and CPP-ACP with fluoride (CPP-ACP-F) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with two different adhesive systems.MethodsOne hundred twenty-six human premolar teeth were selected. One hundred twenty teeth were used for SBS testing, and six teeth were used for scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination. One hundred twenty premolars were divided into mainly three groups: CPP-ACP (group A), CPP-ACP-F (group B), and control group (group C). Each group was sub-divided into two groups according to the bonding adhesive, light cure (groups A1, B1, and C1) and chemical cure (groups A2, B2, and C2). The teeth were pre-treated with the group-specified preventive agent 1 h/day for five consecutive days. Standard edgewise brackets were bonded with the respective adhesives. SBS evaluation was done with the universal testing machine. After debonding, all the teeth were scored for adhesive remaining on the buccal surface, in accordance to adhesive remnant index, under a stereomicroscope. The acid-etched enamel surfaces were observed under SEM after treatment with CPP-ACP, CPP-ACP-F, and artificial saliva.ResultIn light-cure adhesive group, CPP-ACP-F (B1) showed superior results compared to the control group (C1), whereas the CPP-ACP group (A1) showed lower mean SBS than the control group (C1). Both these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In chemical-cure adhesive group, control group C2 showed significantly superior results (p < 0.05) compared to group A2 and group B2. The results of two-way ANOVA showed highly significant difference due to adhesive types (p < 0.01), whereas enamel pre-treatment showed non-significant difference (p > 0.01).ConclusionThe SBS of the orthodontic brackets was non-significantly affected when the brackets were cured with light-cure bonding system and treated with either CPP-ACP or CPP-ACP-F, whereas with chemical-cure adhesive, decreased bond strength was seen, which was within the clinically acceptable limits.
Forsus fatigue resistance device*, a fixed functional appliance, is now most widely used for correction of Class II malocclusion. The common problem with this appliance is frequent debonding of mandibular canine brackets. The present article describes a simple, chairside fabrication of acrylic button which will ensure prevention of debonding of brackets.
Background: Pain regulation is an issue of utmost importance for an orthodontist and a patient that undergoes orthodontic treatment. This is mainly because there is no set standard for controlling pain during orthodontic treatment. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to compare the efficacy of commonly prescribed drugs, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and ketorolac on relieving orthodontic pain. Materials and Methods: A sample of 80 orthodontic patients scheduled to undergo fixed orthodontic treatment were selected and allocated (block randomized) into four experimental groups of 20 patients each, of which Group 1 was prescribed acetaminophen (500 mg), while Groups 2-4 were prescribed ibuprofen (400 mg), ketorolac (10 mg), and placebo (lactose capsule), respectively. All the prescriptions were given as a single-dose preoperatively. Each patient was thereafter asked to note the degree of pain perceived at specific intervals of time with reference to a questionnaire and a 100-mm visual analog scale. Statistical Analysis: Data comparison was done by applying the analysis of variance test to compare each group for every experimental parameter. To further elucidate the individual comparisons between each time point, the Tukey's test was used as post hoc analysis. Results: There were significant relationships between the four drug groups for each parameter, namely chewing, biting, occluding on anterior teeth together, and occluding on posterior teeth together (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:The present study concluded that, when compared with the placebo group, the use of (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) ketorolac, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen preoperatively reduced the pain perceived at 2 hours and 6 hours after archwire placement. However, the results were much significant for the ketorolac group as compared with the ibuprofen and acetaminophen groups. Trial Registration: Clinical Trials Registry-India CTRI/2017/03/007995.
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