Endometriosis is classically defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in outside the uterine cavity. As the definition suggests that confirming the ectopic endometrial stroma and glands in ectopic location histopathologically should be necessary for the diagnosis of endometriosis. Therefore, this situation leads to the need for surgery like laparoscopy for diagnosis. However, this surgical diagnostic approach will not be reliable for all patients with suspected endometriosis. It seems to be an important problem that there is still no reliable clinically diagnostic method or pathognomonic clinical finding, which may allow accurate diagnosis of endometriosis without the need for surgery or histopathologic evaluation. While these clinical features are not pathognomonic for the endometriosis, they should be used as markers for creating high-risk population for endometriosis. Clinical features and the available diagnostic methods, their advantages and limitations for the endometriosis will be discussed in this article. The different options for clinical assessment, laboratory tests and imaging techniques will be summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods will be evaluated. We will also discuss the gold standard definitive diagnostic options with their problematic aspects.

Our findings suggest that ambulatory UD done in a clinical setting during one micturition cycle with unstandardized provocative activities detects an underlying pathophysiology (urge incontinence, stress incontinence, mixed incontinence) more often than conventional UD in supine position Conventional UD has a higher false-negative rate in diagnosis of DOA and/or USI compared to ambulatory UD.

Objective:To investigate the association of first trimester serum uric acid levels with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in low-risk pregnant women.Materials and Methods:In this retrospective data analysis, the results of pregnant women who completed both first trimester biochemical panel and two-step GDM screening were compared with an age-, body mass index, and gestational age-matched control group. The women were grouped as either GDM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) according to 100-g oral glucose challenge results. Uric acid levels were compared between the groups and diagnostic utility was tested with receiver-operating characteristics curves.Results:Sixty-six women in GDM group and 358 women in the IGT group were compared against 202 healthy pregnant women. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of parity, pre-gestational body mass index and gestational age. Serum samples for uric acid levels were obtained. The mean serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in the GDM and IGT groups (5.95 mg/dL (±0.97 mg/dL) and 4.76 mg/dL (±1.51 mg/dL), respectively) compared with the control group (3.76 mg/dL (±1.07 mg/dL) (p<0.001). The area under the curve for uric acid levels was 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.88-0.95) for diagnosis of GDM. At a diagnostic threshold of 3.95 mg/dL, uric acid levels predicted development of GDM with 60% specificity and 100% sensitivity.Conclusion:First trimester serum uric acid has a linear association with the development of GDM and IGT.

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Objective:Tyrosine kinase inhibitors may have deleterious effects on spermatogenesis or folliculogenesis, resulting in male or female subfertility. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of nilotinib, which is used routinely to treat chronic myeloid leukemia, on spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis by using histopathological parameters.Materials and Methods:Ten male and ten female mice were orally treated with nilotinib at 20 mg/kg body weight dissolved in drinking water daily for 2 months.Results:When compared with the control group, a statistically significant decrease was demonstrated in the total follicle numbers of the female mice in the nilotinib group (268±110 vs. 170±60; p=0.03). Active spermatogenesis was observed in each tubule sample taken from the mice in the control and nilotinib groups. Spermatogenic activity was similar in the two groups.Conclusion:We have demonstrated that even though spermatogenesis is preserved, folliculogenesis is inhibited by the usage of a continuous nilotinib treatment dose in chronic myeloid leukemia.