In this study, ornamental cranberry (Cornus Alba) reinforced hybrid composite is synthesized. The plant leaves have been collected, dried, and ground for composite production. After it is reinforced into unsaturated polyester (UP) at different rates by mass, it is mixed to show a homogeneous distribution. Then, 5 wt.% of the total mixture is added to the epoxy resin and polymerization reactions are started with the help of necessary additives and catalysts. The product obtained is poured into standard molds and after waiting one day for curing, necessary tests are carried out. According to the results obtained, biomass supplementation reduces the density of the hybrid composite. Although the addition of epoxy resin increases the hardness of the composite, the ornamental cranberry supplement reduces Shore D hardness. It is observed that the thermal conductivity coefficient decreases as the ratio of polyester resin in the composite increases. However, both epoxy resin and biomass reinforcement slightly raises the thermal conductivity coefficient. Also, high biomass reinforcement both weakens the mechanical strength of the hybrid composite and negatively affects the surface morphology. In this study, it was determined that the composite obtained by using 88.5 wt.% UP, 3 wt.% Epoxy A, 1.5 wt.% Epoxy B, 5 wt.% biomass, 1.5 wt.% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), and 0.5 wt.% cobalt octoate (Co Oc) showed optimum properties.
In this study, Ficus elastica leaves have been reinforced into an epoxy composite and some physical and chemical characterization of the obtained composite is made. Ficus elastica leaves are ground between 297 and 149 microns. The biomass (Ficus elastica) prepared as a filler material is kept in sodium hydroxide (% 7 NaOH) solution for 24 hours for alkali activation. It is then washed three times with distilled water and dried in an oven at 75 °C for 3 hours. Composite production is carried out by reinforcing the prepared filler to the epoxy resin in certain proportions by mass. The effect of the biomass filler added at the rate of 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 7 wt.% on the density, Shore D hardness, thermal conductivity coefficient, and activation energy of the epoxy composite is determined. According to the results obtained, the density of the epoxy composite decreases as the filler ratio in the mixture increases. Shore D hardness of epoxy composite decreases with the addition of biomass filler. The epoxy composite produced with biomass reinforcement reduces both the thermal conductivity coefficient and the activation energy. Besides, when the chemical bond structure of the obtained polyester composite is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), it is seen that there is a physical interaction. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, 5 wt.% and 7 wt.% reinforcement of Ficus elastica leaves negatively affects the surface morphology of the epoxy composite.
Bu çalışmada, ağır metal stresi uygulanan Lavandula angustifolia (Lavanta) ve Salvia rosmarinus (Biberiye) bitkilerinin Toplam Fenolik, Antioksidan, Klorofil ve Karotenoid miktarları belirlenmiştir. Ağır metal olarak bakır (II) ve kadmiyum (II) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ağır metal stresi uygulanan grupta klorofil miktarında düşüş yaşanmıştır. Toplam klorofil, klorofil-a ve klorofil-b miktarlarında S. rosmarinus ve L. angustifolia bitkileri için bir azalma gözlemlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler ve ölçümler sonucunda 1 mM bakır çözeltisi ve 100 µM kadmiyum çözeltisi ile ağır metal stresi uygulanan biberiye (Salvia rosmarinus) ve lavanta (Lavandula angustifolia) bitkilerinin toplam fenolik, toplam antioksidan, toplam klorofil ve karotenoid miktarları belirlenmiştir. Ağır metal ve kontrol gruplarına uygulanan aynı analizler sayesinde ağır metal stresi uygulanan bitkilerin ve kontrol grubundaki bitkilerde gözlemlenen farklılıklar ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmadaki ağır metal uygulamasının, bitki yaprakları üzerindeki değişikliklere sebep olup olmadığını gözlemlemek için SEM görüntüleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak ağır metal stresinde antioksidan ve fenolik madde miktarının arttığı, toplam klorofil ve toplam karotenoid miktarının ise azaldığı gözlenmiştir.
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