Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is responsible for a large number of renal failures, and it is still associated with high rates of mortality today. Oleuropein (OLE) presents a plethora of pharmacological beneficial properties. In this study we investigated whether OLE could provide sufficient protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. With this aim, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: control; 7 mg/kg/d cisplatin, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg OLE; and treatment with OLE for 3 days starting at 24 hours following cisplatin injection. After exposure to the chemotherapy agent and OLE, oxidative DNA damage was quantitated in the renal tissue of experimental animals by measuring the amount of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adducts. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, total oxidative stress (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were assessed to determine the oxidative injury in kidney cells. The histology of the kidney was examined using four different staining methods: hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Masson trichrome, and amyloid. In addition, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), and creatinine (CRE) levels were established. Our experimental data showed that tissue 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in the cisplatin group when compared to the control group. The glomerular cells were sensitive to cisplatin as tubular cells. In addition, treatment with cisplatin elevated the levels of BUN, UA, CRE, and TOS, but lowered the level of TAS compared to the control group. The OLE therapy modulated oxidative stress in order to restore normal kidney function and reduced the formation of 8-OHdG induced by cisplatin. Furthermore, the OLE treatment significantly reduced pathological findings in renal tissue. We demonstrate for the first time that OLE presents significant cytoprotective properties against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity by restoring the antioxidant system of the renal tissue. According to our findings, OLE is a promising novel natural source for the prevention of serious kidney damage in current chemotherapies.
Son yıllarda birçok ülkede hızla gelişen organik tarım ve gıda ürünleri sektörünün sürdürülebilirliği, büyük ölçüde tüketici talebine bağlıdır. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkeleri ve Türkiye'deki tüketicilerin organik tarım ve gıda ürünlerine karşı tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemektir. Çalışmanın ana materyalini, yurtiçi ve yurtdışında yapılmış çeşitli araştırmalar oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, söz konusu araştırma sonuçlarından hareketle elde edilen çıkarımlar derlenmiştir. Bu çıkarımlar, organik tarım ve gıda ürünlerinin AB ülkelerinde düzenli bir şekilde tüketildiğini, Türkiye'de ise tüketimin düzensiz ve düşük seviyede olduğunu göstermektedir. Türkiye'nin belirli illerinde yapılan araştırma sonuçlarına göre, organik tarım ve gıda ürünü tüketiminin düşük olmasının nedenleri arasında fiyatların yüksekliği ve bilgi yetersizliği gelmektedir. Organik tarım ve gıda ürünlerine yönelik talebin artırılması, üretimin sürdürülebilir olması bakımından önemlidir. Bu nedenle, sektörde varlıklarını devam ettirmek ve dünyadaki gelişimi takip etmek isteyen organik üreticilerin, tüketici odaklı pazarlama anlayışına yönelmeleri gerekmektedir.Consumer behaviour towards organic agriculture and food products in the European Union and Turkey Anahtar Sözcükler: Avrupa Birliği Gıda ürünü Organik tarım Tüketici davranışı Türkiye ABSTRACT Recently, the sustainabilty of rapidly developing organic agriculture and food products sector in many countries depends largerly on the demand of consumers. This study examines the consumers' behaviour for organic agriculture and food products in the European Union (EU) and Turkey. The main data contain various related studies conducted in European countries and Turkey. This study reviews this field studies and synthesis them to reach general conclusions. While organic food products have been consumed regularly by most European consumers, the consumption of organic products in Turkey has generally been unsteady and low. The studies conducted in some selected provinces in Turkey showed that one of the main reasons for the low consumption level of organic food products was high price and the lack of information provided by marketing companies and low level of knowledge owned by the consumers. Sustainability and availability of organic food products in the domestic organic market are critically important to increase consumers' demand for organic agriculture and food products in Turkey. Thus, the organic producers and marketing companies should adopt more consumer focused marketing approaches and monitor the developments in the world organic markets to be sustainable in the organic sector.
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