In the present research, the effects of various alloying elements and microstructural constituents on the mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour have been studied for four different rebars. The microstructures of stainless steel and plain rebar primarily reveal equiaxed ferrite grains and ferrite-pearlite microstructures, respectively, with no evidence of transition zone, whereas tempered martensite at the outer rim, followed by a narrow bainitic transition zone with an internal core of ferrite-pearlite, has been observed for the thermomechanically treated (TMT) rebars. The hardness profiles obtained from this study display maximum hardness at the periphery, which decreases gradually towards the centre, thereby providing the classical U-shaped hardness profile for TMT rebars. The tensile test results confirm that stainless steel rebar exhibits the highest combination of strength (≈755 MPa) and ductility (≈27%). It has been witnessed that in Tafel plots, the corrosion rate increases for all the experimental rebars in 1% HCl solution, which is well expected because the acid solutions generally possess a higher corrosive environment than seawater (3.5% NaCl) due to their acidic nature and lower pH values. However, all the experimental results obtained from Tafel and Nyquist plots correlate well for both 1% HCl and 3.5% NaCl solutions.
Corrosion of steel rebars and susceptibility of reinforcement steel to chloride ion attacks are the two major problems for the construction industries and thereby a huge amount of money is spent to repair it. Epoxy coating on the steel rebars can be one cost-effective solution to alleviate the detrimental effects of corrosion in concrete structures. In the present research, plain and epoxy coated rebar (ECR) samples were chosen to study the correlation between microstructure, hardness and corrosion performance. The microstructures of the investigated thermomechanically treated (TMT) rebars primarily reveal tempered martensitic rings at the outer surface followed by a narrow bainitic transition zone in between along with a ferrite-pearlite microstructure at the inner core. The corrosion resistance of plain and epoxy-coated rebars in naturally aerated 3.5% NaCl and 1% HCl solutions were studied using gravimetric test, open circuit potential (OCP) test, and linear polarization monitoring techniques. It has been witnessed that the corrosion current (icorr) has been shifted towards lower values and polarization resistance (Rp) values are higher for ECR samples which is a clear indication of higher corrosion resistance of the ECRs than the plain rebars. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis reveals the presence of iron hydroxides and iron oxides. However, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates the existence of various types of oxides, hydroxides, and oxy-hydroxides like iron chloride hydroxide [Fe2(OH)3Cl], goethite (α-FeO(OH)), lepidocrocite (γ-FeO(OH)), magnetite (Fe3O4) and bernalite [Fe(OH)3(H2O)0.25] in the epoxy coated rebar samples whereas, plain rebars indicate the presence of goethite (α-FeO(OH)), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), hydrogoethite (Fe2O3.H2O), lepidocrocite (γ-FeO(OH)) and iron oxide (Fe21.34O32). All the experimental results confirm that ECR samples are more corrosion resistant under both acidic and saline environments.
In this study, the corrosion behavior of turmeric-coated AZ51 alloy is studied in a simulated bodily fluid (SBF) and then correlated using different characterization techniques. Optical microstructures of all the samples reveal the presence of grains of the α-Mg alloy and precipitates of β-Mg17Al12. Two well-defined peaks were obtained from the XRD patterns -Mg and Mg17Al12, correlating with the optical microscopy results. The potentiodynamic polarisation investigation illustrates the corrosion behavior of uncoated (UC) and turmeric-coated magnesium samples dipped for 24 (DC-24), 48 (DC-48), and 96 hours (DC-96). Results confirmed that the DC-48 sample shows the maximum corrosion resistance among all the samples, and the EIS study correlates well with the study. The mineralization study confirms that the DC-48 sample has the maximum corrosion resistance due to the uniformity and compact nature of the coating.
The current study is performed on three coated steel sheets to evaluate their mechanical and tribological properties. The optical micrograph reveals the dark pearlite structure in the ferrite matrix, whereas the grain size analysis reveals the 4.07 μm mean grain size of the ferrite. The scratch hardness test reveals better scratch-resistant properties for all three experimental samples. The Nanoscratch test reveals a decrease in friction with increasing load from 50 mN to 150 mN for the colour-coated samples. The tensile study shows higher YS and UTS values (410 MPa and 450 MPa, respectively) for the galvalume sample, followed by galvanized and colour-coated steel. In contrast, a higher ductility (~33%) is observed for the colour-coated sample, followed by galvanized and galvalume samples. It is evident and appropriate from the dry heat resistance test that all three steel sheets, viz. galvalume, galvanised and colour coated sheet, can withstand 120C of heat for 24 h. So, all the samples show improved heat resistance properties. Taber abrasion resistance test results reveal that the colour-coated sample shows improved abrasion resistance due to the polyurethane coating followed by galvalume and galvanized steel samples.
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