-Due to the massive existing vulnerabilities in mobile ad-hoc networks, they may be insecure against attacks by the malicious nodes. In this paper we have analyzed the effects of Black hole attack on mobile ad hoc routing protocols. Mainly two protocols AODV and Improved AODV have been considered. Simulation has been performed on the basis of performance parameters and effect has been analyzed after adding Black-hole nodes in the network. Finally the results have been computed and compared to stumble on which protocol is least affected by these attacks.
The overall performance and thus the achievable efficiency of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) rely on the type of protocols deployed to support particular application in hand. In WSN, network's lifetime depends upon the residual energy of individual nodes. In this paper; a brief survey comprises of various reported methodologies that make uses of geographical location attributes for routing in WSN is presented. To assist the routing algorithm on location aspect of the source and destination as well as other intermediate nodes; a location index is formulated based on binary encoded spatial frames. The merit of proposed spatial encoding scheme is its supportiveness on scalability aspects, so it can be easily tailored to accommodate hierarchy based network architectures. Further, the schemeincorporates an effective mechanism to select cluster heads for each cluster in such a way so as to avoid the localization of hot spot effects right from cluster level to network level.
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