Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers in women both in developed and developing countries. Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) are loops of DNA related to protein synthesis and ribosomal activity. Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region (AgNOR) counts act as a reliable cell proliferative marker as they aid in identifying cell proliferation activity and aggressiveness of a lesion, and thereby helps in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. Aim: To evaluate the role of AgNOR count in differentiating benign and malignant breast lumps. Methods: All breast lump specimens collected for Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and histopathology, for a period of one year, were included in the study. A total of 69 specimens were included. All FNAC and histopathology slides were stained with AgNOR stain, and the score was recorded. Result: A total of 69 cases were studied, both non-neoplastic and neoplastic breast lesions. All FNAC cases correlated histologically. Out of the 69 cases, 38 were malignant. The mean AgNOR counts in non-neoplastic, benign and malignant breast lesions were found to be 2.19, 2.88 and 5.94 respectively (p<0.05). Other parameters such as proliferative AgNOR index, AgNOR size variation, AgNOR distribution within the nucleus and the Subjective AgNOR Pattern Assessment (SAPA) scores also showed statistically significant difference between benign and malignant lesions. Conclusion: AgNOR scores showed good correlation in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions, they can be used as a reliable tool to aid in the diagnosis.
I / we hereby certify that I / we have participated sufficiently in the intellectual content, conception and design of this work or the analysis and interpretation of the data as well as the writing of the manuscript, to take public responsibility for it and have agreed to have our name listed as a contributor. I / we believe the manuscript represents valid work. Each author confirms they meet the criteria for authorship as established by the ICMJE. Neither this manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under my / our authorship has been published or is being considered for publication elsewhere, except as described in the covering letter. I / we certify that all the data collected during the study is presented in this manuscript and no data from the study has been or will be published separately. I / we attest that, if requested by the editors, I / we will provide the data / information or will cooperate fully in obtaining and providing the data / information on which the manuscript is based, for examination by the editors or their assignees. Financial interests, direct or indirect, that exist or may be perceived to exist for individual contributors in connection with the content of this paper have been disclosed in the cover letter. Sources of outside support of the project are named in the cover letter. I / we hereby transfer(s), assign(s), or otherwise convey (s) all copyright ownership, including any and all rights incidental thereto, exclusively to the Journal, in the event that such is published by the Journal. The Journal shall own the work, including 1) copyright; 2) the right to grant permission to republish the article in whole or in part, with or without fee; 3) the right to produce preprints or reprints and translate into languages other than English for sale or free distribution; and 4) the right to republish the work in a collection of articles in any other mechanical or electronic format. I / we give the rights to the corresponding author to make necessary changes as per the request of the Journal, do the rest of the corresponding on our behalf and will act as the guarantor for the manuscript on our behalf. The article will be publish under the terms of the national and international copyrights grants to all user a free irrevocable worldwide, perpetual right of access to a license to copy user, distribute, perform and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivate works in any digital medium for any reasonable non-commercial purpose and latest Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in men and women worldwide. Atherosclerosisis the most important cause of cardiovascular disease. Based on the severity, atherosclerosis can be graded histopathologycally from Type I to Type VI. Cardiac autopsy is the main diagnostic tool to study various histopathological changes in autopsy heart specimens. Objectives: To study the histopathological spectrum and determine the occurrence of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries in autopsy heart specimens. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective record based study on autopsy heart specimens received at the department of pathology from January 2020 to December 2021. Gross and histopathological fndings were recorded from autopsy register. The histopathological spectrum of atherosclerosis and its occurrence were studied and analyzed. Results: A total of 141 heart specimens were considered for the study out of which 131 cases (92.9%) showed coronary atherosclerosis ranging from Type I to Type VI lesions. Age of the deceased ranged from one month to ninety two years. One hundred four cases (79.38%) were males and twenty seven cases (20.62%) were females. Fifty four cases (41.2%) belonged to the age group of 41-60 years. Type III–VI lesions were considered signifcant. 70.87% of right coronary arteries, 76.8% of left circumflex arteries and 76.9% of left anterior descending arteries showed signifcant atherosclerosis. Left anterior descending artery was found to be the most commonly involved by atherosclerosis (79.4%). Conclusion: Examination of coronary arteries in autopsy heart specimens plays an important role in determining the cause of cardiovascular diseases and gives an idea about the frequency at which atherosclerosis is encountered among the general population.
Transmission of infectious diseases through donated blood is of concern to blood safety as transfusion forms an integral part of medical and surgical therapy. Blood transfusion carries the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections including HIV, hepatitis etc. Screening of voluntary donors who represent healthy population serves as a predictor for these dreadful diseases in healthy population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank of MIMS, Mandya. Data were analyzed for a period of 5 years from Jan 2009 to Dec 2013. All voluntary donors reporting to the blood bank were screened for hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), HIV by using ELISA. The Rapid plasma regain test (RPR test) was used for estimation of syphilis infection. RESULTS: The most common infection was hepatitis B (1.2%) followed by HIV infection (0.27%) and HCV (0.09%) in our study. CONCLUSION: This study has shown a decrease in seroprevalence of HIV and increase in seroprevalence of HCV over the 5 year study period.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.