The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of D-limonene on the levels of lipid peroxidation by-products and antioxidant defence systems in the plasma and tissues of normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats. The experimental diabetes was induced in rats by a single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg i.p.) injection, and treatment with D-limonene was continued for 45 days. After the treatment period, oxidative stress parameters such as lipid peroxidation by-products; enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase; non-enzymic antioxidants including reduced glutathione, Vitamins C and E were measured in the plasma and tissues of experimental rats. An increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation by-products and significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes were observed in untreated diabetic rats. Administration of D-limonene to diabetic rats for 45 days caused a significant reduction in the levels of lipid peroxidation by-products and an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, when compared with the untreated diabetic group. There was no significant difference in normal treated groups, when compared with normal rats. Biochemical observations were substantiated with the help of histopathological examinations through its antioxidant properties and thereby conferred protection against STZ-induced diabetic rats. The result of this study indicates that D-limonene has antioxidant potential in addition to its antidiabetic effect in experimental diabetes.
Background The purpose of the study was to assess the obstacles faced by diabetes patients in their self-care and determine the factors associated with these obstacles. The management of diabetes mellitus (DM) extends beyond the clinician’s efforts, with the responsibility of the care also being shared by the patient to achieve better treatment outcomes and prevent complications. Self-care management is the most important part of DM treatment, which includes diet, regular exercise, blood glucose monitoring, medication and foot care. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 type 2 DM patients aged >18 years using the Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire-30. Patients scoring a mean response score >3 were considered to have an obstacle. We included age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), duration of DM and blood glucose levels as factors for regression analysis and a P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results A large majority (64.5%, n = 69) of our participants were aged above 55 years and belonged to lower socio-economic status (65.4%, n = 70). Family history of DM was present in 41% (n=44) of the participants. The median duration of DM among the participant was 10 (4 – 7) years. In our study, the participants faced obstacles for two items in the domains: Support from Friends & Family (mean score: 3.73) and Knowledge of the Disease (mean score: 3.58). A multinominal regression analysis revealed SES was predictive of participants who could not understand information from literature with a P. value of 0.002 (OR: 3.65, CI: 1.60-8.338). Conclusion The two major obstacles to self-management practices that were identified were in the domains of Support from Friends and Family, and Knowledge of the Disease. Socioeconomic status was identified to be a predictive factor associated with the participants who are not able to understand information from the literature.
Background: Obesity is a worldwide lifestyle disorder and its incidence is growing at an alarming rate. Pancreatic lipase (PL) plays a key role in lipid metabolism and hence a potential target for obesity treatment. There have been reports that many bioactive compounds from natural sources are vast pool of PL inhibitors. Objective: In search of natural pancreatic lipase inhibitors, the review summarizes the potential of natural products for their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Methods: In this review the data obtained from literature search across various electronic databases and journal article publications are reviewed. Results: The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of 61 biological sources were reviewed in this paper is backed by preclinical experimental evidence, either in vivo or in vitro. Conclusion: This article can be used as a ready to use reference for therapeutic lead molecules from plants, marine and insect derived natural products with PL inhibitory activity. The research is more focused on the discovery of more ingenious pancreatic lipase inhibitors with lesser consequences.
Background: As patients with diabetes are conventionally on a long-term prescription for metformin, it is important to identify any increase in their risk for developing cognitive disorders due to metformin. Hence, an attempt was made to study the cognitive impairment by using Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (MoCA) as a possible predictor of development of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes patients on metformin therapy. Methods: Four hundred type 2 diabetes patients on metformin were enrolled for this cross-sectional study, and data recorded. Cognitive test MoCA was administered and a score less than 26 was considered abnormal. Results: In this study, the participants on metformin had a statistically significant correlation with age > 65 years, duration of diabetes (>5 years), metformin dose (1 gm and more) and presence of diabetes complications. Ordinal regressions showed significant correlation between abnormal MoCA scores and older age, longer duration of DM, and presence of one of the DM complications. Conclusions: Amongst patients receiving medical therapy for control of type 2 diabetes, participants using metformin showed a very high prevalence rate of abnormal MoCA scores (85%). Increased duration of metformin intake leads to a decline in MoCA performance.
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