Visual validation is an important step to minimize false-positive predictions from structural variant (SV) detection. We present Samplot, a tool for creating images that display the read depth and sequence alignments necessary to adjudicate purported SVs across samples and sequencing technologies. These images can be rapidly reviewed to curate large SV call sets. Samplot is applicable to many biological problems such as SV prioritization in disease studies, analysis of inherited variation, or de novo SV review. Samplot includes a machine learning package that dramatically decreases the number of false positives without human review. Samplot is available at https://github.com/ryanlayer/samplot.
Visual validation is an essential step in structural variant (SV) detection to eliminate false positives. We present Samplot, a tool for quickly creating images that display the read depth and sequence alignments necessary to adjudicate purported SVs across multiple samples and sequencing technologies, including short, long, and phased reads. These simple images can be rapidly reviewed to curate large SV call sets. Samplot is easily applicable to many biological problems such as prioritization of potentially causal variants in disease studies, family-based analysis of inherited variation, or de novo SV review. Samplot also includes a trained machine learning package that dramatically decreases the number of false positives without human review. Samplot is available via the conda package manager or at https://github.com/ryanlayer/samplot.
Structural variants are associated with cancers and developmental disorders, but challenges with estimating population frequency remain a barrier to prioritizing mutations over inherited variants. In particular, variability in variant calling heuristics and filtering limits the use of current structural variant catalogs. We present STIX, a method that, instead of relying on variant calls, indexes and searches the raw alignments from thousands of samples to enable more comprehensive allele frequency estimation.
Container name extraction is very important to the modern container management system.Similar techniques have been suggested for vehicle license plate recognition in past decades.Container name extraction has more complexity from license plate extraction because of the severity of nonuniform illumination and invalidation of color information.The main purpose of this paper is to propose a new methodology for text extraction,segmenting text characters and removing non text,background from images. Existing text extraction methods do not work efficiently in case of images with noice and complex background. Documents with only text work efficiently in OCR.The approach used is based on edge detection,close operation,detecting connected components,removing non text regions and character segmentation.
Nascent transcription assays are the current gold standard for identifying regions of active transcription, including markers for functional transcription factor (TF) binding. Here we present a signal processingbased model to determine regions of active transcription genome-wide using the simpler assay for transposase-accessible chromatin, followed by high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq). The focus of this study is twofold: First, we perform a frequency space analysis of the "signal" generated from ATAC-seq experiments' short reads, at a single-nucleotide resolution, using a discrete wavelet transform. Second, we explore different uses of neural networks to combine this signal with its underlying genome sequence in order to classify ATAC-seq peaks on the presence or absence of bidirectional transcription. We analyze the performance of different data encoding schemes and machine learning architectures, and show how a hybrid signal/sequence representation classified using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) yields the best performance across different cell types.
The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin followed by sequencing (ATAC-seq) is an inexpensive protocol for measuring open chromatin regions. ATAC-seq is also relatively simple and requires fewer cells than many other high-throughput sequencing protocols. Therefore, it is tractable in numerous settings where other high throughput assays are challenging to impossible. Hence it is important to understand the limits of what can be inferred from ATAC-seq data. In this work, we leverage ATAC-seq to predict the presence of nascent transcription. Nascent transcription assays are the current gold standard for identifying regions of active transcription, including markers for functional transcription factor (TF) binding. We combine mapped short reads from ATAC-seq with the underlying peak sequence, to determine regions of active transcription genome-wide. We show that a hybrid signal/sequence representation classified using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can identify these regions across different cell types.
Many nocturnally active fireflies use precisely timed bioluminescent patterns to identify mates, making them especially vulnerable to light pollution. As urbanization continues to brighten the night sky, firefly populations are under constant stress, and close to half of the species are now threatened. Ensuring the survival of firefly biodiversity depends on a large-scale conservation effort to monitor and protect thousands of populations. While species can be identified by their flash patterns, current methods require expert measurement and manual classification and are infeasible given the number and geographic distribution of fireflies. Here we present the application of a recurrent neural network (RNN) for accurate automated firefly flash pattern classification. Using recordings from commodity cameras, we can extract flash trajectories of individuals within a swarm and classify their species with a precision and recall of approximately seventy percent. In addition to scaling population monitoring, automated classification provides the means to study firefly behavior at the population level. We employ the classifier to measure and characterize the variability within and between swarms, unlocking a new dimension of their behavior. Our method is open source, and deployment in community science applications could revolutionize our ability to monitor and understand firefly populations.
Structural variations (SVs) are an important class of genetic mutations, yet SV detectors still suffer from high false-positive rates. In many cases, humans can quickly determine whether a putative SV is real by merely looking at a visualization of the SV's coverage profile. To that end, we developed Samplot-ML, a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained to genotype genomic deletions using Samplot visualizations that incorporate various forms of evidence such as genome coverage, discordant pairs, and split reads. Using Samplot-ML, we were able to reduce false positives by 47% while keeping 97% of true positives on average across several test samples.
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