This paper proposes various stages of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) besides its transmissibility and nonlinear incidence rate to develop an epidemic model. The authors plan the model, and then prove some basic results for the well-posedness in term of boundedness and positivity. Moreover, the authors find the threshold parameter R0, called the basic/effective reproductive number and carry out local sensitive analysis. Furthermore, the authors examine stability and hence condition for stability in terms of R0. By using sensitivity analysis, the authors formulate a control problem in order to eradicate HBV from the population and proved that the control problem actually exists. The complete characterization of the optimum system was achieved by using the 4 th-order Runge-Kutta procedure.
This work is concerned with the influence of uniform suction or injection on unsteady incompressible Couette flow for the Eyring-Powell model. The resulting unsteady problem for horizontal velocity field is solved by means of homotopy analysis method (HAM). The characteristics of the horizontal velocity field and wall shear stress are analyzed and discussed. Pade approximants and Taylor polynomials are also found for velocity profile and are used to make the maximum error as small as possible. The graphs of the error for the Pade approximation and Taylor approximation are drawn and discussed. Convergence of the series solution is also discussed with the help of and interval of convergence is also found.-curve
Effects of Hall current on heat transfer and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow induced by a continuous surface in a parallel free stream of a second-order viscoelastic fluid are studied for uniform suction/injection by taking viscous dissipation into account. Complex nonsimilar solutions to the stream function and temperature are developed by means of an elegant technique, known as homotopy analysis method (HAM). Convergence of the solutions is ensured with the help of -curves. Graphical and tabular results for the effects of Hall current reveal that it has a significant influence on: complex velocity, complex temperature, magnitude of the shear stress at the surface, magnitude of the rate of heat transfer at the surface and on boundary layer thickness.
In Human, the lower limb joints attained more importance during the locomotor system, they play a valuable role during different styles of movement. The study of the 3D biomechanics of these joints have significance important for recording the morphological changes allied with the acquisition of a habitual bipedal gait in humans. Human body on any joint has important inference in joint stability and performance. In this paper, we measure the performance of human lower limb joints (hip, knee and ankle) during running based on statistical techniques. The data of joints acquisition from the motion captured system. This data provides plentiful information in human running. For instance, we can determine which joint has more variation in human running gait based on mocap of each joint. Our experimental results indicate that among these joints, the knee joint has a dominant influence in human running gait.
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