Samuel Beckett’s Happy Days (1961) clearly portrays a lack of communication among the characters of the play which refers to the condition of modern man. This failure of communication led Samuel Beckett to use a lot of pauses and silences in all plays written instead of using words. To express the bewilderment of the modern man during the 20th century, Beckett adopts the use of no language strategy in the dramatic works. After World War II, people were without hope, religion, food, jobs, homes, or even countries. Beckett gave them a voice. He used a dramatic language out of everyday things, in which silence was part of the syntax as a poetic repetition. Language is no more important to the modern man; instead, he used silence to express his feelings. For him, silence is more powerful than the words themselves. That’s why; long and short pauses can be seen throughout all Beckett’s plays. In this play, the characters chose not to communicate; instead, they kept silent because they failed to interact with each other or even with themselves. The nature of this study is qualitative and objective; it textually analyzes the text to show the state of the modern man during 20th century. As a conclusion, one can say that Beckett’s use of pauses and silences was to express the bewilderment of the modern man and the inner conflict inside of him. Moreover, the modern man has lost his communication with other people as a result of that conflict.
Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-91), an Irish political leader of nationalists, causes a national controversy and division by taking Kitty O'Shea, wife of one of his followers, Captain O'Shea, as his mistress. This leads to massive contention between the Irish Catholic Church the nationalist strugglers, who deem him as their own leader and denounce the Church for its involvement in politics. This love story, condemned by the Church as adultery, becomes one of the rarest romances, matched by the famous mad love of Catherine and Heathcliff in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights (1847), as depicted by Dorothy Eden in her novel, Never Call it Loving(1966). Eden is most sympathetic to this estranged wife, Kitty, who falls in love with the most charismatic man, Mr. Parnell; like Heathcliff, Parnell dies miserably, leaving the Irish nation in serious schism. This moving novel is analysed as a sample of historical fiction, which delights readers by its accurate and impressive depiction of this romance; historians can rarely do this, for they're concerned with mere dry facts.
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