Background Patellofemoral pain is a common condition. The Kujala score is a well-established scoring system to assess anterior knee pain and has been translated into many languages including Arabic. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to culturally adapt the Arabic version of the Kujala score and determine its validity. Methods The Kujala score is composed of 13 multiple-choice questions. We modified two questions in the score; running and squatting, and were replaced with questions related to walking on different terrain and prostration, each with the same number of answer choices as the original questions so as not to affect the final score. These modifications were written in Arabic by the same group who translated and validated the original score into Arabic. The original and modified Kujala scores was printed and given to patients complaining of patellofemoral pain to be filled during their visit to the orthopedic outpatient clinics. Final scores for the original and modified questionnaires were calculated. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistics version 21.0 measuring Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Pearson correlation. Results Ninety-four patients were included in the study, 28 (29.8%) men and 66 (70.2%) women. The mean age for the included patients was 43.67 (± 14.46) years. The mean score for the modified initial questionnaire was 63.91 (± 16.32), and the mean score for the modified re-test questionnaire was 66.52 (± 17.50). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores (p = 0.041), with a mean difference of 1.97 (95% CI 0.08 to 3.856). We found a significant strong correlation between the score before and after changing the questions with a p value of < 0.001. Conclusions The culturally modified Arabic Kujala questionnaire is shown to be a valid, well-designed tool and an appropriate method of measuring patellofemoral pain.

Background: This study compared the practice of elderly hip fractures management at Jordan University Hospital against the practice recommended by American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). Methods: Medical records between Oct 1, 2017, and Oct 31, 2018, were reviewed retrospectively. Inclusion criteria included patients over the age of 65 yr who were admitted from the emergency department. Patients excluded from the study were involved in motor vehicle accidents, had pathological fractures, or were transferred from other hospitals. One hundred and thirteen patients were included. Results: All patients received venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, and none had preoperative traction. Surgery was done within 48 hr in 83% (94/113) of patients. All patients with unstable femoral neck fractures underwent arthroplasty. Sliding hip screws were used in 93.5% (29/31) of stable intertrochanteric fractures, but cephalomedullary devices were used in 86.7% of unstable fractures (46 patients). Rehabilitation was done for a majority of patients. Unfortunately, preoperative regional analgesia was not used at all. Bipolar heads were used in a majority of hemiarthroplasty cases. A blood transfusion threshold of no higher than 8 g/dL was only followed in 16 cases. Only 23.9% of patients continued physical therapy at home. Fewer than one-third of the patients underwent nutritional assessment or support. Only 15 patients received a secondary mode of analgesia postoperatively. Vitamin D and calcium were prescribed for less than 50% of patients. Only 10.6% were evaluated for osteoporosis after fracture. Conclusions: Compliance with AAOS guidelines is reasonable, and it can be increased by following recommendations regarding: preoperative analgesia, femoral head type, blood transfusion threshold, home physical therapy, nutritional assessment, pain management, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, and osteoporosis treatment. Level of Evidence: Level III.

Background:Radiographic measurements are used for screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children. The ability to detect acetabular dysplasia requires validated radiographic outcome measures. The acetabular index (AI) measurement has been shown to be a reliable measure worldwide. This study aims to test the reliability of the AI measurement in a DDH screening population by orthopaedic junior and senior residents. Methods:The review examined 470 radiographs taken during 4 yr (2016)(2017)(2018)(2019) in a university hospital. AI measurement was performed by two surgeons, four senior residents, and four junior residents at three different times. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability for each group was assessed. Results:The intraobserver reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the AI measurement performed by seniors was excellent at 0.98 (confidence interval [CI] 0.98 to 0.99) for the right side and 0.99 (CI 0.98 to 0.99) for left side. Indistinguishably, the ICC for AI measurement performed by orthopaedic juniors for right and left side was excellent at 0.96 (CI 0.95 to 0.97) and 0.95 (CI 0.95 to 0.96), respectively. The overall ICCs for interobserver reliability for the AI measurement between professors, seniors, and juniors for right and left side was between good and excellent at 0.89 (CI 0.87 to 0.90) and 0.89 (CI 0.87 to 0.91), respectively. Conclusions:Orthopaedic juniors are less reliable in terms of intraobserver and interobserver variability in detecting DDH in screening program in comparison with seniors using AI measurement in a pediatric orthopaedic clinic.

Background: Infrared thermal imaging is a non-invasive technique capable of detecting changes in temperature that could ultimately signify changes in blood supply. Flir One is a smartphone-based thermal camera, working by a downloadable application, capable of detecting the limb temperature through a non-contact method using infrared thermography technology. Using the Flir One camera, we will assess the lower limb reperfusion profile following the tourniquet release post total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: A prospective study included 46 patients who underwent primary TKA. We used the (Flir One Gen 3) thermographic camera to capture images at ankle joint preoperatively, and at 1, 10, and 20 minutes post tourniquet release on operation side. The contralateral ankle stands as control. Results: The mean preoperative temperature (in Celsius) of ankle control side and operated side were 33.03 (SD=1.65) and 33.26 (SD=1.42), respectively. The mean ankle temperature on operation side was 19.73 (SD=2.85), 30.49 (SD=2), and 32.43 (SD=1.31) at 1, 10, and 20 minutes post tourniquet release, respectively, while the control side showed a mean temperature of 32.85 (SD=1.42), 32.84 (SD=0.91), and 33.15 (SD=0.95) at the same time intervals. There was a significant statistical difference between both ankle temperatures at 1 and 10 minutes (P=0.00 for each time). At 20 minutes, 37 ankles (80.4%) at operation side reached a temperature level similar but below the level of control side; however, the difference was not significant (P=0.692). Conclusion: Infrared thermography using the smartphone-connected camera is a simple, non-invasive, feasible, and reliable technology. It provides an objective measure to assess the perfusion status of the limbs. In TKA, the distal limb will reach full reperfusion status after approximately 20 minutes of tourniquet release.

Introduction: patellar tendon rupture is usually traumatic in origin; however, spontaneous or atraumatic rupture is uncommon and often signify underlying pathological processes involving the tendon substance. One of these pathological processes is primary hyperparathyroidism. Case presentation: In this case report we present a unique case of a patient not diagnosed previously with hyperparathyroidism. The patient's initial presentation was atraumatic knee pain and knee extension weakness, imaging studies showed complete avulsion of the patellar tendon from its tibial footprint. Another clinical finding was an index finger swelling, which, after laboratory and imaging studies of the parathyroid gland, turned out to be brown tumor of undiagnosed primary hyperparathyroidism. The patient underwent excision of the parathyroid adenoma, and repair of the patellar tendon using semitendinosus tendon graft and intraosseous tibial anchors at the footprint. Patient regained pain-free and good movement of her knee. Conclusion: Atraumatic patellar tendon rupture, especially in the absence of renal impairments should raise the suspicion of pathological process involving the tendon substance, this should alert the orthopedic surgeon to look for secondary causes of degeneration of the tendon substance, of which hyperparathyroidism is an important differential diagnosis.