Pathogenic microorganisms have adapted different strategies during the course of time to invade host defense mechanisms and overcome the effect of potent antibiotics. The formation of biofilm on both biotic and abiotic surfaces by microorganisms is one such strategy to resist and survive even in presence of antibiotics and other adverse environmental conditions. Biofilm is a safe home of microorganisms embedded within self‐produced extracellular polymeric substances comprising of polysaccharides, extracellular proteins, nucleic acid, and water. It is because of this adaptation strategy that pathogenic microorganisms are taking a heavy toll on the health and life of organisms. In this review, we discuss the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms on tissues and medically implanted devices in human beings. We also focus on food spoilage, disease outbreaks, biofilm‐associated deaths, burden on economy, and other major concerns of biofilm‐forming pathogenic microorganisms in food industries like dairy, poultry, ready‐to‐eat food, meat, and aquaculture.

A study was conducted covering a total of one hundred chicken farmers in tribal dominated Boko Block of Kamrup district in Assam to assess different productive and reproductive traits of Desi, Vanaraja and Srinidhi birds under field condition. Information was obtained on mean body weight at various ages, age at first egg, annual egg production, fertility and hatchability and mortality rate. Body weight, egg production and egg weight were significantly (P0.05) higher in Vanaraja and Srinidhi birds compared to Desi chicken. The age at first egg was significantly (P0.05) higher in Desi chicken while compared with Vanaraja and Srinidhi under traditional system of management. However no significant (P0.05) difference was found between Vanaraja and Srinidhi in their body weight and egg production at various ages. Higher mortality percent in Vanaraja (12.23±1.62) and Srinidhi (11.34±1.23) were recorded during 0 to 5 week. No significant (P0.05) differences were found among all three groups of birds in fertility and hatchability.

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30In this paper, we report the endophytic microbial diversity of cultivated and wild Oryza 31 sativa plants including their functional traits related to multiple traits that promote plant 32 growth and development. Around 255 bacteria were isolated out of which 70 isolates were 33 selected for further studies based on their morphological differences. The isolates were 34 characterized both at biochemical and at the molecular level by 16s rRNA gene sequencing. 35Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing the isolates were categorized into three major phyla, viz, 36Firmicutes (57.1 %), Actinobacteria (20.0 %) and Proteobacteria (22.8 %). Firmicutes was 37 the dominant group of bacteria of which the most abundant genus was Bacillus. The isolates 38 were further screened in vitro for plant growth promoting activities which revealed a hitherto 39 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/310797 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 30

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The objective of this study was to identify pathogenic diseases of economically important floricultural crops based on visual inspection and microscopic observation carried out during 2017-18 in and around Jorhat district of Assam. During the investigation, 3 diseases of chrysanthemum (2 fungal, 1 viral); 3 diseases of gladiolus (all fungal); 5 diseases of gerbera (all fungal), 2 diseases of rose (all fungal) and a fungal disease of marigold was identified. The diseases identified in chrysanthemum were alternaria leaf spot, sooty mould and mosaic disease. The diseases identified in Gladiolus were fusarium infection, alternaria leaf spot, curvularia leaf spot and corm rot. The diseases identified in gerbera were alternaria leaf spot, cercospora leaf spot, damping off, stemphylium infection and coniothyrium infection. Diseases identified in rose were alternaria leaf spot and cercospora leaf spot. In marigold, alternaria leaf spot was indentified causing infection to the crop. Overall pathogenic disease incidence of flower crops recorded as 60.41% in Chrysanthemum, 45.83% in Gladiolus, 55.55% in gerbera, 47.22% in rose and 45.83% in marigold. Area wise maximum disease incidence (61.11%) was observed in Borbheta area followed by Bahona(58.33%). Lowest disease incidence was recorded in Sungi (27.77%) in Jorhat district. Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) belongs to the family Iridaceae and native to Europe, Mediterrenean region and South Africa. It is also known as queen of bulbous ornamental Disease incidence, floricultural crops, survey, pathogenic diseases, microscopic observation Keywords:

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causes great losses in Bhut Jolokia pepper ( Jacq.) plantations in Assam, India. To investigate possible means to induce plant resistance against this virus, the crude extract of bacterially-expressed double-stranded (ds) RNA, derived from CMV-2b gene (dsRNA_CMV-2b), was exogenously applied along with CMV-G strain onto Bhut Jolokia plants. In this 'RNA-vaccination' bioassay, disease incidence, assessed by testing the plants at 21 days post inoculation by DAS-ELISA, ranged from 0 to 29% in case of dsRNA-treated plants, and from 55 to 92% when only CMV was applied. CMV-infected pepper plants became severely stunted, having dull light green foliage with leathery appearance, whereas plants receiving dsRNA_CMV-2b exhibited milder symptoms or remained healthy. The results obtained suggest that this non-transgenic approach has a considerable effect in protecting pepper against CMV.

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