In recent years, visible-light promoted reactions have become a powerful tool for organic synthesis by activating small molecules. This review presents an overview of the catalyst-free synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with one or more than one heteroatoms under visible-light irradiation in various solvents or solvent-free conditions reported from 2013 on.
Selective and high yielding synthesis of pyran and pyrrolidinone derivatives through a magnetic layered double hydroxide (LDH) visible light photocatalyst (VLPC)-promoted reaction is reported. The catalyst was prepared and characterized by various analytical techniques. Since it is magnetic the prepared catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction mixture by using an external magnet. The advantages of this synthetic protocol are good to excellent yields, short reaction times, easy catalyst recovery and recyclability. Also, in vitro antibacterial screening of pyrrolidinone derivative was studied against gram-positive Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and S. aureus. Compound 9 f [Methyl-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1Hpyrrole-3-carboxylate] exhibited the maximum activity against all the bacteria tested in the experiment.
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