to find out the response of row spacing, bio-fertilizer and nitrogen levels on yield attributes i.e. number of pods /plant, number of seeds/pod 1000-seed weight, protein content in (% & kg/ha), nodules/plant and fresh & dry weight (mg) of nodules/plant of chickpea crop. The treatments comprised of 2 row spacing i.e. 40 cm and 60 cm, 3 biofertilizer i.e. Rhizobium leguminosarum culture (seed coating @ 20 g kg -1 seed), Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @ 2.5 kg ha -1 in soil and Rhizobium leguminosarum + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and 3 nitrogen level i.e. N10 kg ha -1 , N20 kg ha -1 and N30 kg ha -1 in Split plot design with 3 replications. Results obtained in regarded to yield attributes and protein content showed that the 60 cm row spacing produced significantly higher yield attributes in both the years on pooled basis recorded number of pods/plant (57.57), number of seeds /pod (1.72), 1000-seed weight (147.64 g), nodules/plant (28.08), fresh & dry weight nodules/plant (76.58 and 44.37 mg ) and protein content in per cent (21.06) but maximum recorded protein in kg/ha under 40 cm row spacing (295.86 kg/ha). Among the bio-fertilizer the performance of dual inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum culture + PSB was the best & have recorded significantly superior number of pods /plant (57.61), number of seeds /pod (1.89), 1000-seed weight (148.75)nodules/plant (29.70), fresh & dry weight nodules/plant (81.34 and 48.12 mg) and protein content in per cent (21.26)& (302.02) kg /ha. However nitrogen level @ 30 kg ha -1 recorded significantly higher on number of pods /plant (147.64 g), number of seeds /pod (1.97), 1000-seed weight (149.47g), nodules/plant (30.54), fresh & dry weight nodules/plant (81.34 and 48.12 mg) and protein content in per cent (21.15)& (313.22) kg /ha. Nitrogen levels 30 kg ha -1 was found superior in all respect as compared to other treatments combinations. K e y w o r d sPhosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Rhizobium leguminosarum culture and protein content
Nitrogen (N) fertility is an important component of rice cultivation systems, especially where rice growing under aerobic condition. This study examined the effects of silicon (Si) and leaf colour chart (LCC) based N management on yield and N use efficiency under aerobic rice. A field experiment was conducted in sandy loam soils at Bangalore-north with split plot design. The treatments consist of four main plots viz., control (No N), 60 kg Nha -1 (No basal + LCC-3), 90 kg Nha-1 (Urea at 30 kg Nha -1as basal + LCC-3) and 100 kg Nha -1as urea (RDF) and two sub plots viz., with (calcium silicate at 2 tha-1 ) and without Si treated plots. Periodical LCC readings were taken and N was applied if the LCC value falls below the prescribed critical value. The results revealed that the highest grain yield was noticed with the application calcium silicate at 2 t ha-1and with 90 kg Nha-1 (Urea at 30 kg Nha-1as basal + LCC-3) and it was on par with 60 kg Nha-1 (no basal + LCC-3) compared to recommended N (100 kg Nha -1 ) under aerobic rice. Higher fertilizer N-use efficiency was recorded with the application of Si and need-based N management using LCC-3 rather than recommended dose of fertilizer over control.
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