COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with many challenges that are now extending to its intriguing long-term sequel. ‘Long-COVID-19ʹ is a term given to the lingering or protracted illness that patients of COVID-19 continue to experience even in their post-recovery phase. It is also being called ‘post-acute COVID-19ʹ, ‘ongoing symptomatic COVID-19ʹ, ‘chronic COVID-19ʹ, ‘post COVID-19 syndrome’, and ‘long-haul COVID-19ʹ. Fatigue, dyspnea, cough, headache, brain fog, anosmia, and dysgeusia are common symptoms seen in Long-COVID-19, but more varied and debilitating injuries involving pulmonary, cardiovascular, cutaneous, musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric systems are also being reported. With the data on Long-COVID-19 still emerging, the present review aims to highlight its epidemiology, protean clinical manifestations, risk predictors, and management strategies. With the re-emergence of new waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection, Long-COVID-19 is expected to produce another public health crisis on the heels of current pandemic. Thus, it becomes imperative to emphasize this condition and disseminate its awareness to medical professionals, patients, the public, and policymakers alike to prepare and augment health care facilities for continued surveillance of these patients. Further research comprising cataloging of symptoms, longer-ranging observational studies, and clinical trials are necessary to evaluate long-term consequences of COVID-19, and it warrants setting-up of dedicated, post-COVID care, multi-disciplinary clinics, and rehabilitation centers.

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Background Despite advances in endoscopic drainage procedures, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) remains an essential interventional radiology (IR) procedure. Several factors may adversely affect the success of PTBD. We report the experience of our IR unit with PTBD in patients considered at higher risk for adverse events. Material Consecutive PTBDs performed between November 2017 and April 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients at increased risk for adverse events from PTBD, defined by one or more of the following factors: non-dilated system, moderate amount of perihepatic fluid, coagulopathy, altered sensorium, and PTBD performed at bedside, were identified. Technical success, complications, and outcome at 3 months were recorded. Results During the study period, PTBDs were performed in 90 patients. PTBDs in 57 (63.3%) patients (mean age 47.6 years, 35 females) were identified as predisposing to higher risk for adverse events. Left and right PTBD were performed in 37 (64.9%) and 15 (26.3%) patients, respectively. Bilateral PTBDs were performed in three (5.2%) patients. In two (3.5%) cases, biliary access was obtained via percutaneous cholecystostomy. Overall technical success of 91.2% (n = 52) was achieved. Carcinoma gallbladder was the most common underlying cause. Non-dilated ductal system was the most common condition deemed to predispose to higher risk for adverse events (n = 32, 56.1%), followed by perihepatic fluid (n = 9, 15.8%), and deranged coagulation parameters (n = 9, 15.8%). PTBD was performed at bedside in intensive care unit in 5 (8.8%) patients. Two (3.5%) patients had altered sensorium. Major complications in the form of biliary peritonitis were observed in three (5.2%) patients. No procedure-related mortality was observed. Conclusion PTBD can be effectively and safely performed even in situations deemed to predispose patients to increased risk for adverse events. Thus, the mere presence of these conditions should not cause a denial of PTBD.

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Objective Precise evaluation of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) in Kawasaki disease (KD) is essential. The aim of this study is to determine role of CT coronary angiography (CTCA) for detection of CAAs in distal segments of coronary arteries in patients with KD. Methods CTCA findings of KD patients with distal coronary artery involvement were compared with those on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) during the period 2013-2021. Results Amongst 176 patients with KD who underwent CTCA (128-Slice Dual Source scanner), 23 (13.06%) had distal CAAs (right coronary - 15/23; left anterior descending - 14/23; left circumflex - 4/23 patients). CTCA identified 60 aneurysms - 37 proximal (36 fusiform; 1 saccular) and 23 distal (17 fusiform; 6 saccular); 11 patients with proximal aneurysms had distal contiguous extension; 9 patients showed non-contiguous aneurysms in both proximal and distal segments; 4 patients showed distal segment aneurysms in absence of proximal involvement of same coronary artery; 4 patients had isolated distal CAAs. On TTE, only 40 aneurysms could be identified. Further, distal CAAs could not be identified on TTE. CTCA also identified complications (thrombosis, mural calcification and stenosis) that were missed on TTE. Conclusions CAAs can, at times, occur in distal segments in isolation and also in association with, or extension of, proximal CAAs. CTCA demonstrates CAAs in distal segments of coronary arteries, including branches, in a significant number of children with KD – these cannot be detected on TTE. CTCA, therefore, may be considered as a complimentary imaging modality in children with KD who have CAAs on TTE.

Purpose To evaluate the safety and feasibility of bedside percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) as a salvage procedure in patients with severe cholangitis in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods This retrospective study evaluated records of consecutive patients with severe cholangitis who were admitted in the ICU. Bedside PTBD was performed using ultrasound guidance. The level and cause of biliary obstruction were recorded. The technical success of the procedure and complications were recorded. Results Ten patients (six males, mean age 53.8 years) underwent bedside PTBD. Six patients had distal common bile duct blockade [periampullary carcinoma ( n = 2), carcinoma pancreas ( n = 2), choledocholithiasis ( n = 1), and benign stricture ( n = 1)]. Four patients had malignant hilar stricture [cholangiocarcinoma ( n = 3) and carcinoma gallbladder ( n = 1)]. Technical success was achieved in all. One patient underwent bilateral PTBD. Left and right PTBD were performed in 5 and 4 patients, respectively. There were no major complications. Transient hemobilia occurred in two patients. Conclusion Bedside PTBD is safe and technically feasible. Prospective studies are required to establish this procedure into routine clinical practice.