Inspired
by the success of fluorinated corticosteroids in the 1950s
and fluoroquinolones in the 1980s, fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals,
which are also known as fluoro-pharmaceuticals, have been attracting
attention for more than half of a century. Presently, about 20% of
the commercial pharmaceuticals are fluoro-pharmaceuticals. In this
mini-review, we analyze the prevalence of fluoro-pharmaceuticals in
the market and categorize them into several groups based on the chemotype
of the fluoro-functional groups, their therapeutic purpose, and the
presence of heterocycles and/or chirality to highlight the structural
motifs, patterns, and promising trends in fluorine-based drug design.
Our database contains 340 fluoro-pharmaceuticals, from the first fluoro-pharmaceutical,
Florinef, to the latest fluoro-pharmaceuticals registered in 2019
and drugs that have been withdrawn. The names and chemical structures
of all the 340 fluorinated drugs discussed are provided in the Supporting
Information.
[reaction: see text] Assembly of the carbocyclic core of CP-263,114 has been accomplished efficiently and in high yield. Key steps include a phenolic oxidation/intramolecular Diels-Alder sequence, tandem radical cyclization, and the late-stage fragmentation of a densely functionalized isotwistane skeleton.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.