Expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF receptors was examined in cultured human pancreatic cancer cells, in the normal human pancreas and in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. mRNA transcripts encoding PDGF A and B chains, and PDGF receptor beta (PDGFR beta) were present in PANC-I and HPAF human pancreatic cancer cells. Transforming growth factor beta I (TGF-beta I), but not PDGF-AA or -BB, enhanced PDGF A and B chain mRNA levels in both cell lines. In the normal human pancreas PDGF A chain mRNA levels were relatively abundant, whereas PDGF B chain mRNA levels were not detected and PDGF receptor alpha (PDGFR alpha) and beta mRNA transcripts were present at low levels. PDGF immunoreactivity was present in islet cells, and PDGFR alpha was present in acinar cells, whereas PDGFR beta was present in acinar cells and in the connective tissue. In the pancreatic cancers, PDGF A chain mRNA transcripts were also abundant, and 6 of 13 samples exhibited the PDGF B chain mRNA transcript. In addition, there was a 7-fold increase in the levels of PDGFR alpha and PDGFR beta in the cancer samples by comparison with the normal pancreas. By immunohistochemistry, PDGF and both PDGF receptors were present in the cancer cells, and PDGFR beta was abundant in fibroblasts and endothelial cells within the connective tissue.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) of the salivary glands is an uncommon, low-grade malignant tumor. A recent report demonstrates sebaceous differentiation in this tumor even though its significance has never been documented as a precise histologic variant. Six cases of EMC exhibiting sebaceous differentiation (sebaceous EMC) of the parotid gland were analyzed for their clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical characteristics. In addition, primary salivary sebaceous carcinomas were also examined for comparison. In our series, the incidence of sebaceous EMC was 0.2% among 3012 cases of parotid gland tumors and 14.3% of all EMC cases. The 6 patients comprised 2 men and 4 women, age ranging from 77 to 93 years (mean, 83.7 y). Neither cervical lymph node nor distant organ metastases were found in any cases of sebaceous EMC and no patients died of disease, though local recurrences developed in 1 patient. Conversely, cervical lymph node metastasis was detected in 2 of 3 patients with sebaceous carcinoma, 1 of whom died of disease at 12 months. Histologically, all 6 tumors had an area of sebaceous differentiation admixed with features of bilayered ductal structures typical of EMC. A component of sebaceous differentiation was distributed diffusely in 4 tumors and focally in 2. Cytologic atypia of sebaceous EMCs was lesser than that of sebaceous carcinomas. Immunohistochemically, putative myoepithelial markers such as alpha-smooth muscle actin, calponin, p63, cytokeratin 14, S-100 protein, and vimentin were highly expressed in sebaceous EMC. However, the expression of the latter 4 markers was also observed in primary sebaceous carcinomas, whereas these tumors were all negative for alpha-smooth muscle actin and calponin. Positive immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen, adipophilin, and perilipin confirmed sebaceous differentiation in EMC. These results indicate that sebaceous EMC is a low-grade malignancy, similar to conventional EMC. Our data also suggest that immunohistochemical examination of specific myoepithelial markers is helpful in distinguishing sebaceous EMC from sebaceous carcinoma, which may occasionally be associated with an aggressive clinical course.

Transforming growth factor-6 (TGF-p) receptors constitute a family of transmembrane proteins that bind TGF-P ligands. In this study we assessed the growth responsiveness to TGF-P I in

This study investigates whether the proliferative activity of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath is related to its recurrence rate and local aggressiveness. The clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 30 localized giant cell tumours of tendon sheath were studied and the influence of the MIB-1 staining index on recurrence, tumour extent around the phalanx and involvement of the bone were evaluated. No significant difference in the MIB-1 staining index was found between the lesions which recurred and those which did not. Also there was no significant association between local aggressiveness and the MIB-1 staining index. These results suggest that the proliferative activity of localized giant cell tumour of tendon sheath is not related to its high recurrence rate and local aggressiveness.

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BackgroundThis study compared the detection rates for clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC) between magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography (MRI/US)-fusion-targeted biopsy (TB), systematic biopsy (SB) and combination of TB and SB.MethodsThis prospective study evaluated simultaneous TB and SB for consecutive patients with suspicious lesions that were detected using pre-biopsy multiparametric MRI. A commercially available real-time virtual sonography system was used to perform the MRI/US-fusion TB with the transperineal technique. The prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADS v2) was assigned to categorize the suspicious lesions.ResultsA total of 177 patients were included in this study. The detection rate for CSPC was higher using SB, compared to TB (57.1% vs 48.0%, p = 0.0886). The detection rate for CSPC was higher using the combination of TB and SB, compared to only SB (63.3% vs 57.1%, p = 0.2324). Multivariate analysis revealed that PIRADS v2 category 4 and an age of <65 years were independent predictors for TB upgrading (vs. the SB result).ConclusionsPI-RADS v2 category 4 and an age of <65 years were predictive factors of upgrading the Gleason score by MRI/US-fusion TB. Thus, MRI/US-fusion TB may be appropriate for patients with those characteristics.Trial registrationThis study was retrospectively registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMINID000025911) in Jan 30, 2017.

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