The US Department of Energy has formulated different gasoline fuels called ''Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines (FACE)'' to standardize their compositions. FACE I is a low octane number gasoline fuel with research octane number (RON) of approximately 70. The detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA) of FACE I shows that it contains 33 components. This large number of components cannot be handled in fuel spray simulation where thousands of droplets are directly injected in combustion chamber. These droplets are to be heated, broken-up, collided and evaporated simultaneously. Heating and evaporation of single droplet FACE I fuel was investigated. The heating and evaporation model accounts for the effects of finite thermal conductivity, finite liquid diffusivity and recirculation inside the droplet, referred to as the effective thermal conductivity/effective diffusivity (ETC/ED) model. The temporal variations of the liquid mass fractions of the droplet components were used to characterize the evaporation process. Components with similar evaporation characteristics were merged together. A representative component was initially chosen based on the highest initial mass fraction. Three 6 components surrogates, Surrogate 1-3, that match evaporation characteristics of FACE I have been formulated without keeping same mass fractions of different hydrocarbon types. Another two surrogates (Surrogate 4 and 5) were considered keeping same hydrocarbon type concentrations. A distillation based surrogate that matches measured distillation profile was proposed. The calculated molar mass, hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratio and RON of Surrogate 4 and distillation based one are close to those of FACE I.
CitationAhmed A, Hantouche M, Khurshid M, Mohamed SY, Nasir EF, et al. (2018) Impact of thermodynamic properties and heat loss on ignition of transportation fuels in rapid compression machines. Fuel 218: 203-212. Available: http://dx.Abstract 39 40Rapid compression machines (RCM) are extensively used to study autoignition of a wide variety of 41 fuels at engine relevant conditions. Fuels ranging from pure species to full boiling range gasoline 42 and diesel can be studied in an RCM to develop a better understanding of autoignition kinetics in 43 low to intermediate temperature ranges. In an RCM, autoignition is achieved by compressing a 44 fuel/oxidizer mixture to higher pressure and temperature, thereby initiating chemical reactions 45 promoting ignition. During these experiments, the pressure is continuously monitored and is used to 46 deduce significant events such as the end of compression and the onset of ignition. The pressure 47 compression heat loss over low, intermediate and high temperature region. 62
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