The interfacial compatibility
between the graphite/carbon black
composite counter electrode (Gr/CB CE) and the perovskite layer is
a crucial determinant of the performance of the hole-transport-layer-free
carbon-based perovskite solar cells, and judicious selection of the
Gr/CB CE application method is essential for achieving an optimum
contact. In this work, three different types of Gr/CB CEs application
methods are investigated: (1) deposition of Gr/CB on the fluorine-doped
tin oxide (FTO) substrate, followed by clamping to the perovskite
layer, (2) direct deposition of Gr/CB onto the perovskite layer, and
(3) deposition of Gr/CB onto the PbI
2
precursor layer,
followed by immersion in methylammonium iodide solution for the
in situ
conversion of PbI
2
to perovskite. The
results revealed that Method 3 produced superior Gr/CB–perovskite
contacts, resulting in up to 8.81% power conversion efficiency. The
devices prepared using Method 3 also exhibited the best stability
in the air, retaining 71.1% of their original efficiency after 1600
h of continuous testing. These results demonstrate that Gr/CB CEs
can be considered excellent alternatives to the costly noble metals
often employed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) when deposited using
a suitable technique.
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