With the increasing population, the pollution of the environmental elements is increasing day by day. Activated Carbon (AC) is solid, carbonaceous, non-hazardous, and highly porous complex compound and due to its adsorption property, this is widely used in the purification of various elements of the environment such as air, water, chemical, metal, etc. So, the enthusiasm in the production of activated carbon by the utilization of cheap agricultural and industrial wastes is growing rapidly. This study has been carried out to demonstrate the attempt of utilizing Rice Husk (RH) as it is abundantly available, environmentally friendly, low cost and a kind of renewable precursor material for the production of activated carbon. The muffle furnace assisted alkaline activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) at different ratios was performed. The effects carbonization temperature of 500°C and 700°C and impregnation ratios were evaluated on the basis of yield, volatile matter, carbon content, and activation burn-off. All in all, lower carbonization temperature 500°C gives better results with higher yield of 13.24% and 7.3% activation bunroff at 1:1 carbon to KOH ratio. The increasing ratio also decreased the volatile substances and comparatively better results obtained at less burning temperature. Journal of Engineering Science 13(1), 2022, 105-112
Rapidly growing urbanization and industrialization processes including man-made activities result in groundwater contamination that becomes unsafe for human use. In this study, the groundwater flow and contaminant migration through aquifers in Rajshahi City were modeled using MODFLOW and MT3DMS codes. ModelMuse, a graphical user interface (GUI), is used to run the codes and the hydrological and geological data of the region are used as the input parameters for the model. The travel distance of five selected contaminants such as chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), from the source (e.g. landfill site), were simulated corresponding to travel times of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 years. The study results showed that the migration distance of the contaminants increases over time and follows a logarithmic trend. Among the contaminants, the model-predicted results show that the concentration of Cr and Pb in the groundwater varies more than 90% from their standards over the period of 50 years which suggests that these two pollutants are the prime contaminants polluting groundwater in the coming future. This model can be used as an effective decision-making tool for the monitoring of groundwater contaminant transport for a specific location.
The statically indeterminate beam that is supported by three or more supports and at least one support that develops a reaction along the beam axis is known as a continuous beam. This type of beam is used in a large variety of structures as they show better resistance to seismic loads and lower deformity. However, due to the decay of steel or the increase of stresses, sometimes surface or sub-surface fissures develop in the material which is known as cracks. Because of the cracks in a structure, it may be vulnerable and start to age rapidly, which will eventually lead the structure to collapse. In this study, Abaqus CAE, a widely operated commercial software is used to simulate the cracks in a continuous I beam by the Finite Element Method. The surrounding crack zone is meshed with a smaller area due to its sensitiveness. Initially, suitable steel is selected among the major types of steel by evaluating their stress-strain curve. Then a continuous I beam of that steel with crack is simulated and the effect of the crack on the stresses is analyzed. The crack is safer when it forms on the part of the structure that is over-support. The risk of failure of a structure increases with the increasing distance of the crack from support. The greater crack depth poses a greater risk to the structure on the other hand increasing crack width has less effect on the stability of the structure
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