ABSTRAKPenelitian karakteristik genetik populasi ikan nilem, Osteochilus hasselti di Jawa Barat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data base sebagai langkah awal dalam melaksanakan program pemuliaan guna mempertahankan dan meningkatkan produksi dari ikan nilem di Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan identifikasi genetik ikan nilem menggunakan metode RAPD dan menelusuri keragaman intra dan inter-populasi ikan nilem, Osteochilus hasselti di sentra budidaya yang terdapat di daerah Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, populasi Sumedang secara genetis memiliki keragaman paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan populasi lainnya serta alel spesifik yang tidak ditemukan pada populasi lain (1.100 bp). Sedangkan Sukabumi memiliki keragaman genetik dan jumlah alel yang paling rendah. Hubungan inter-populasi ikan nilem hijau di Jawa Barat tidak berbeda nyata di mana jarak genetik enam populasi ikan nilem tersebut berkisar antara 0,0153-0,1392.
KATA KUNCI: RAPD, ikan nilem, Osteochilus hasselti, Jawa Barat
ABSTRACT:Characteristic
ABSTRAKPenambahan probiotik pada pakan telah banyak diaplikasikan pada kegiatan akuakultur dan terbukti bermanfaat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan ikan. Probiotik yang ditujukan untuk membantu meningkatkan aktivitas pencernaan dalam saluran pencernaan ikan, akan lebih baik apabila diisolasi dari saluran pencernaan ikan itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bakteri probiotik dari saluran pencernaan ikan lele, mengisolasi, menyeleksi, serta mengidentifikasi bakteri yang didapatkan. Lambung dan usus lele, digerus dan diencerkan, kemudian dikultur dengan teknik cawan sebar. Koloni yang didapat dimurnikan dan diseleksi dengan uji zona hidrolisis protein dan uji patogenisitas, dan diidentifikasi secara biokimiawi dan molekuler. Tahap isolasi mendapatkan 10 isolat, tahap uji zona hidrolisis protein mendapatkan 4 isolat dengan zona hidrolisis tertinggi, sedangkan uji patogenisitas hanya meloloskan 2 isolat, yaitu A1 dan L1. Hasil uji identifikasi biokimiawi dan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa isolat A1 adalah Staphylococcus epidermidis dan L1 adalah Bacillus cereus. Bacillus cereus merupakan spesies yang sebagian besar anggotanya merupakan probiotik bagi hewan darat dan ikan, dengan demikian dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa Bacillus cereus merupakan kandidat bakteri yang berpeluang untuk dijadikan probiotik.KATA KUNCI: isolasi, seleksi, probiotik, saluran pencernaan, ikan lele
ABSTRACT:The
Water salinity is a crucial factor in Kissing Gourami (Helostoma temminckii) culture. Therefore, information regarding suitable and optimum medium for the ecophysiological requirement of fish is needed. Salinity is one physiological factor that affects both the survival and growth rate of fish as it is related to the osmoregulation process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different water salinity on, growth, survival rate, osmotic activity and blood picture of Kissing Gourami seed nursery. Fish was cultured in various salinity levels: 0 ppt (A), 1 ppt (B), 3 ppt (C), and 5 ppt (D). Salinity level significantly affected the survival rate, absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, specific growth rate, and blood picture of Kissing Gourami seed nursery. It was found that the Kissing Gourami seeds had the optimum growth on the salinity of 3 ppt, that was further shown by 82,00% of survival rate, 2,42% ±2,81 g/day of specific growth rate obtained. The results showed a positive correlation of the biological value of fish with the content of osmotic gradient, blood glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes amount, and water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and ammonia).
The aim of this research was to determine the optimum percentage of glycerol addition into the diets of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on growth performance, feed convertion ratio, and survival rate. The research was conducted using 15 aquaria with the size of 60 x 50 x 45 cm3, each containing 25 O. niloticus with average initial weight of 4.63 ± 0.15 g. The experiment was conducted using a complete random design with five treatments and three replications. Isonitrogenous (31%) and isocaloric (17 MJ.kg-1) diets were provided for 60 days of rearing period. Five diets were formulated with glycerol content of 0% (G0); 5% (G5); 10% (G10); 15% (G15), and 20% (G20). Fish were fed twice daily with experimental diet at satiation level. The result showed that addition of 10% glycerol in the diet (G10) presented the highest values for weight gain (105.85 ± 0.40%), specific growth rate (3.44 ± 0.01%), protein retention (27.75 ± 0.02%), protein efficiency ratio (2.53 ± 0.15%), lipid retention (60.44 ± 0.03%), and feed convertion ratio (1.59 ± 0.01%) (P < 0.05). Survival rate was not affected by dietary containing glycerol (P > 0.05). Therefore, addition of 10% glycerol into the diet gave a significant increase on growth performance and feed convertion ratio without adverse effect on survival rate of Nile Tilapia.
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