Climate change is an environmental process that is among the most limiting factors for increasing or even maintaining food production by small-farmer communities in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Adoption of climate change adaptation strategies that increase agricultural productivity and at the same time building farmers' resilience capacity has become a top policy priority in SSA. In this study, we investigate how maize-dependent smallholders in Ethiopia adapt to climate change. Both household and plot-level data were collected, and subsequently analysed by a multivariate probit regression model. Results show that most climate change adaptation strategies implemented by maize-dependent smallholders, are complementary. Combining conservation tillage, mixed maize-legume cropping and terracing along with the use of drought-resistant maize varieties allows farmers to increase productivity while building resilience to climate change more than a subset of these strategies. Findings indicate that the likelihood of adopting soil and water conservation practices, drought-resistant maize varieties and chemical fertilizers significantly increase among young and male-headed households as well as farmers having confidence in extension agents and membership in local organisations. Hence, policies should aim at further building agricultural extension agents' capacity by providing effective and continuous education and training on climate change impacts and responses. Promoting family ties and household memberships in local organisations through facilitating mutual cooperation and communication among farming communities would help to foster adoption of climate change adaptation strategies.
Introduction: Evidence shows that 10 to 20% of food-borne outbreaks perceptible in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of hygienic practice of complementary food preparation and associated factors among mothers with children aged from 6 to 24 months in rural kebeles of Harari region, Ethiopia. The Method is a community based cross-sectional study design which was implemented on 422 of sampled mothers. Simple random sampling method was used to select those study participants. The data was collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data was processed, coded and entered into epi data version 3.02, exported to SPSS Version 20 and analyzed. Odds ratio along with 95% CI was estimated to measure the strength of the association. Finally, level of statistically significant was declared at P-value <0.05. From the result of this study, the status of good hygienic practice of mothers was (39.6%) [95% CI (confidence interval): 34.60, 43.90]. Lack of formal education [AOR (adjusted odds ratio): [AOR=0.
Exotic chicken breeds were promoted and disseminated in the rural and peri-urban parts of Ethiopia, to improve the productivity of the poultry to increase the income of farmers. The study was conducted to explore the factors affecting adoption of exotic chicken breed in Tselemti and Tahtay Koraro districts of North Western zone of Tigray region, Ethiopia. A multi-stage random sampling technique was followed to select 264 respondents from the six randomly selected Kebelles of the two districts. Primary data were collected using semi-structured interview questionnaire from the respondents. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model were used for analyzing the collected quantitative data. The results of the logit model indicates that family size, sex of the household head, education status of the household head, livestock holding size, extension contact, availability of exotic chicken breed, distance to the nearest market and availability of training on poultry production could play a significant role on the probability of exotic poultry breed adoption. Thus, the dissemination of different exotic chicken breeds needs to be supported with giving training to the farmers before intervention of the technology, extension backup on how to manage and awareness creation on the benefits of exotic chicken breed and giving focus in delivering and making available the chicks of exotic poultry breeds to the farmers.
Adoption of artificial insemination (AI) inEthiopia is low and there is paucity of information in documentation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the determinants of smallholder farmers' adoption of AI technology in Laelay-Maichew district. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select 155 sample respondents for the study. The primary data were collected through individual interviews using semi-structured interview and check list. Descriptive, inferential statistics and binary logistic model were employed to describe the study results and identify the determinants of farmers to adopt improved breeding method of AI. The farmers' adoption of AI was influenced by access to credit facilities and mobile phone, social participation, formal training, frequency of extension contact, knowledge about AI practice and perception of AI profit positively and participating in off-farm activities negatively. In conclusion, ownership of information and communication technology (ICT), access to extension services (training and extension visit), knowledge of AI practices and perception of profit determined farmers' AI adoption. There is a need to improve the effectiveness of extension service through strengthening the training, frequent home visit, making credit service accessible, and educating farmers regarding the knowledge and importance of AI technology for its effective dissemination.
Global commitment to improving nutrition among the most vulnerable has never been higher or more coordinated. Scaling up of evidencebased, nutrition specific intervention with the most potential for improving nutritional outcomes and attention to nutrition-sensitive development for long term sustainability of improvements in nutrition have framed the global response. Attempts to achieve ambitious goals have led to identification of key challenges, including recognition of the limited knowledge about drivers of food choice (DFC), particularly among the poor in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Malnutrition is attributed to lack of adequate and balanced diet and is considered as a major cause of decreased productivity and thus exacerbate poverty and can lead to health problem for majority of the population of Ethiopia. This study assessed food choice behavior and consumption among rural households and perception of rural households in the Adola Rede district, Ethiopia. Probability proportional to size was used to determine numbers of study sites and sample households while random sampling techniques was used to draw study sites and sample respondents from each study sites. Data was collected from 150 sample respondents using interview and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics were employed in analyzing socio economic characteristics of the respondents. Food choice behavior of the rural households was categorized depending on Food Consumption Score used widely by World Food Program. The food choice behaviors of the households respondents were 30% poor, 45% borderline and 25% adequate food choice behavior. Overwhelmingly, only one-fourth of the respondents were found to be appropriate food choice behavior. The food choice behavior of household respondents' were affected by Perception, social, culture, changes in household income, access to food, farm practice and productivity, food prices and food local systems and this is important for program planners and policy makers to improve the well-being of all vulnerable rural households in the study area. Therefore, local government and nongovernmental organizations should give emphasis for improving food choice behavior through continuous training, asset building and capital mobilization. Agro-ecology based intervention should also be taken to improve the food choice behavior of rural households in the study area. Agricultural extension and public health/sanitary extension services should be trained to deliver mutually reinforcing messages that promote sustainable food production, improved dietary intakes, and improved sanitation and health.
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