In this paper, a 28 GHz broadband microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) for 5G wireless applications is presented. The Rogers RT/Duroid5880 substrate material, with a dielectric constant of 2.2, the thickness of 0.3451 mm, and loss tangent of 0.0009, is used for the studied antenna to operate at 28 GHz center frequency. The proposed design of antenna is simulated by using CST studio suite. The simulation results highlight that the studied antenna has a return loss of -54.49 dB, a bandwidth of 1.062 GHz, a gain of 7.554 dBi. Besides, radiation efficiency and the sidelobe level of the proposed MSPA are 98% and 18.4 dB, respectively. As compared to previous MSPA designs reported in the recent scientific literature, the proposed rectangular MSPA has achieved significantly improved performance in terms of the bandwidth, beam-gain, return loss, sidelobe level, and radiation efficiency. Hence, it is a potential contender antenna type for emerging 5G wireless communication applications.
A location sensor is a feature that communicates with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver to learn about the status of the current location. This work presents the GPS receiver position estimation and Dilution of Precision (DOP) analysis using a new approximate form of observation matrix which can be used in place of the classic observation matrix that was derived from the Taylor’s series. It has been realized that, the approximate observation matrix is numerically stable and provides greater precision in calculating DOP values and estimating the position of a GPS receiver. The experimental results show that the proposed observation matrix provides better precision in DOP analysis and GPS receiver position estimation with a fast convergence rate and improved algorithm stability. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed new observation matrix plays a significant role to estimate accurately the location of the GPS receiver position and to enhance all parameters of the DOP.
<pre>Image quality assessment methods are used in different image processing applications. Among them, image compression and image super-resolution can be mentioned in wireless capsule endoscopy (<span>WCE</span>) applications. The existing image compression algorithms for <span>WCE</span> employ the general-purpose image quality assessment (<span>IQA</span>) methods to evaluate the quality of the compressed image. Due to the specific nature of the images captured by <span>WCE</span>, the general-purpose <span>IQA</span> methods are not optimal and give less correlated results to that of subjective <span>IQA</span> (visual perception). This paper presents improved image quality assessment techniques for wireless capsule endoscopy application. The proposed objective <span>IQA</span> methods are obtained by modifying the existing full-reference image quality assessment techniques. The modification is done by excluding the non-informative regions, in endoscopic images, in the computation of <span>IQA</span> metrics. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed <span>IQA</span> method gives an improvement of 2.12 dB peak signal-to-noise ratio (<span>PSNR</span>) and improved structural similarity index (<span>SSIM</span>). The proposed method gives more reliable objective image quality measures for compressed endoscopic capsule images.</pre>
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