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The rapid rate of deforestation, combined with Ethiopia's rapid population growth, has resulted in increased energy scarcity, high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and climate change. Biogas technology has recently been described as one of the most promising solutions to the problems of deforestation, energy supply, and climate change. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the potential of biogas technology in fuelwood saving and carbon emission reduction in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select a sample of 192 households (HH) (68 biogas adopters and 124 non-adopters). To conduct the Kitchen efficiency test, 25 test subjects were chosen at random from each category. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent-sample t-test. The energy source for cooking and heating were fuelwood, biogas, animal dung, agricultural residue, and charcoal were the most common energy source for domestic use, accounting for 46.9%, 35.4%, 9.4 %, 5.2 %, and 3.1%, respectively. Kerosene lamps, battery cells, and tiny solar panels were utilized by 35 %, 32.4 %, and 18 % of respondents, respectively, for lighting. The most widely used woody plants for domestic energy usage were Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus saligna , according to the findings. The digester size of 6m 3 was used in 93 (56.5%) of the 165 biogas plants, while 8m 3 and 10m 3 digesters were used in 69 (43.5%) and 3 (1.8%) of the plants, respectively. Hence, the annual fuelwood savings from using biogas technology per household was calculated to be 1856.78 kg per year, with an annual Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission reduction capacity of 2.75 tons per biogas plant. Consequently, it was projected that all functional biogas plants (111) would save around 305.25 tons of CO 2 e per year. Generally, Biogas has been proven to be a viable technique for reducing reliance on forest resources and mitigating climate change in general. As a result, the country's energy sector should encourage families to embrace biogas technology to enhance fuelwood availability and reduce carbon emissions.

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The highest numbers of date palm trees were found in the 10-20 age class among the available date palms. Date palm trees older than 20 years had a mean aboveground biomass carbon stock of 159.50 kg/plant. The SOC was accounted for 32.9% of total carbon stocks. The total carbon stock of the DPF was 82.3 Mg C ha À1 .

This study was conducted to examine and compare the status of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks between farmlands treated with level soil bund (LSB) of three and six years and adjacent farmland without conservation measure (control) at Somodo Watershed. Soil samples were collected from farmland treated with LSB-3 years, LSB-6 years and control using randomized complete block design. A total of 108 composite soil samples (3 treatments * 6 replications * 3 bund zones * 2 depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) were collected for analysis and determination of the Organic Carbon fraction (OC) and Nitrogen fraction (N). OC was determined using Walkley and Black method while N was determined using the Kjeldahl digestion, distillation and titration method. The result indicated that farmland treated with LSB-6 years has insignificantly higher SOC (98.43±11.55 Mg ha-1) and TN (9.37±1.10 Mg ha-1) stock than control SOC (93.01±13.51 Mg ha-1) and TN (9.28±1.60 Mg ha-1) stock. Likely, farmland treated with LSB-6 years has insignificantly higher SOC and TN stock than farmland treated with LSB-3 years SOC (96.61±11.45 Mg ha-1) stock. With respect to the age of LSB, farmland treated with LSB-6 years accumulated more SOC stock (5.83%) than control. This study revealed that the age of LSB conservation measures has a critical role in enhancing soil fertility through maintaining and sequestering SOC and TN.