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Background Cancellations of cases are common; most of those cancellations are due to avoidable causes. It is a major cause of psychological trauma for patients and their families. Although little is known in Ethiopia, the aim of this study is aimed to assess the prevalence and the cause of elective surgery cancellation. Methods A cross-sectional prospective study design was conducted on 326 patients scheduled for elective surgery from October 1 to December 1st. All consecutive elective surgical cases scheduled during the study period were included in the study. Data were collected using a prepared and pretested questionnaire and entered into SPSS version 23 for analysis. The result of the study was reported in the form of text, tables, and graphs. Result During the study, 326 patients were scheduled for elective surgery, among those, 83(25.6%) of surgery was canceled. Patient-related (31.32%) and administrative-related (26.5%) factors were the two most causes of cancellation. Conclusion Patient-related and administrative-related factors were the leading causes of cancellation of elective surgical operations in our hospital. Concerned bodies should bring a sustainable change and improvement to prevent unnecessary cancellations and enhance cost-effectiveness through communications, careful planning and efficient utilization of the available hospital resources.

Introduction Cancer is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in every part of the world, regardless of human development. Cancer patients exhibit a wide range of signs and symptoms. Being diagnosed with cancer has a variety of consequences that can affect one’s quality of life. The term "health-related quality of life" refers to a multidimensional concept that encompasses a person’s whole health. The availability of data on the prevalence of poor quality of life among cancer patients in Ethiopia is critical in order to focus on early detection and enhance cancer treatment strategies. In Ethiopia, however, there is a scarcity of information. As a result, the aim of this study was to determine the pooled estimated prevalence of quality of life among cancer patients in Ethiopia. Materials and methods This systematic review and meta-analysis were searched through MEDLINE, Pub Med, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar by using different search terms on the prevalence of health-related quality of life of cancer patients and Ethiopia. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used for critical appraisal of studies. The analysis was done using STATA 14 software. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were used to test the heterogeneity of studies. The funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to show the publication bias. The pooled prevalence of health-related quality of life of cancer with a 95% confidence interval was presented using forest plots. Results A total of 12 studies with 3, 479 participants were included in this review and the overall pooled estimates mean score of health-related quality of life among cancer patients in Ethiopia was 57.91(44.55, 71.27, I2 = 98.8%, p≤0.001). Average monthly income (AOR:3.70;95%CI:1.31,6.10), Stage of cancer (AOR:4.92;95% CI:2.96,6.87), Physical functioning(AOR:4.11;95%CI:1.53,6.69), Social functioning(AOR:3.91;95% CI:1.68,6.14) were significantly associated with quality of life. Subgroup meta-analysis of health-related quality of life of cancer patients in Ethiopia done by region showed that a higher in Addis Ababa 83.64(78.69, 88.60), and lower in SNNP region16.22 (11.73, 20.71), and subgroup analysis done based on the type of cancer showed that higher prevalence of health-related quality of life among cancer patients was breast cancer 83.64(78.69, 88.60). Conclusion This review showed that the overall health related quality of life was above an average. Furthermore, average monthly income, cancer stage, physical, and social functioning were all significant determinants in cancer patients’ QOL.as a result, this review suggests that quality of life evaluation be incorporated into a patient’s treatment routine, with a focus on linked components and domains, as it is a critical tool for avoiding and combating the effects of cancer and considerably improving overall health. In general, more research is needed to discover crucial determining elements utilizing more robust study designs.

Background The leading cause of neonatal death worldwide is birth asphyxia. Yearly, in the first month of life, 2.5 million children died around the world. Birth asphyxia is a major problem, particularly in developing nations like Ethiopia. The goal of this study was to determine the magnitude of birth asphyxia and the factors that contributed to it among neonates delivered at the Aykel Primary Hospital in north-central Ethiopia. Methods From August 1 to August 31, 2021, a hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 144 live births. An Apgar score less than 7 in the fifth minute of birth authorized the diagnosis of birth asphyxia. Variable contention (P < 0.250) for multivariable analysis was determined after data examination and cleaning. Then, to identify important factors of birth asphyxia, a multivariable logistic regression model with a p-value of 0.05 was developed. Finally, a significant relationship between a dependent variable and independent factors was defined as a p-value less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Results The majority of the mothers, 71.53%, received at least one Antenatal care visit, and more than half of the newborns were male (62.50%). The percentage of neonates that had asphyxia at delivery was 11.11% (95% CI: 6.3 -16.9%). Male newborns were 5.02 times more probable than female newborns to asphyxiate [AOR: 5.02, 95% CI (1.11–22.61)]. Mothers who have not had at least one Antenatal Care visit were 3.72 times more likely to have an asphyxiated newborn than those who have at least one Antenatal Care visit [AOR: 3.72, 95%CI (1.11–12.42)]. Similarly, mothers who had an adverse pregnancy outcome were 7.03 times more likely to have an asphyxiated newborn than mothers who had no such history [AOR: 7.03, 95% CI (2.17–22.70)]. Conclusion Birth asphyxia in newborn has come to a standstill as a major public health issue. The sexual identity of the newborn, Antenatal Care visits, and a history of poor pregnancy outcomes were all found to be significant risk factors for birth asphyxia. These findings have great importance for various stakeholders who are responsible for reducing birth asphyxia; in addition, policymakers should establish and revise guidelines associated to newborn activities and workshops.

BackgroundGlobally, the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) varies between 6 and 15% of all neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Though necrotizing enterocolitis is a multifactorial and life-threatening disease, low birth prematurity is the single cause. Therefore, determining the time to presentation and its predictors of necrotizing enterocolitis were the main goals of this investigation.Materials and methodsAn institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 747 low birth weight (LBW) neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized Hospital from 1 January 2017 to 30 December 2019. The sample size was calculated by using the STATA package. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. The log-rank test and the Kaplan–Meier estimator were used to display the survival probability and differences between groups. At a significance threshold of 5%, Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to determine the net independent predictors of necrotizing enterocolitis.ResultThe overall incidence rate was 0.86 per 1,000 person-days (95% CI: 0.67, 1.14) with a 6.8% (95% i: 5.2, 8.9) proportion of necrotizing enterocolitis among low birth weight neonates. Preeclampsia [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR);1.92 (95% CI: 1.03–3.58)], premature rapture of membrane [AHR; 2.36 (95%, CI: 1.19–4.69)], perinatal asphyxia [AHR; 4.05 (95%, CI: 2.04–8.60)], gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks [AHR; 3.59 (95% CI: 1.01–8.83)], and birth weigh less than 1,000 g [AHR; 5.45 (95% CI: 3.84–9.12) were the independent predictors of necrotizing enterocolitis.ConclusionWithin the first 1–7 days of a newborn’s life, necrotizing enterocolitis was most common. It was discovered that preeclampsia, premature rupture of membrane, perinatal asphyxia, gestational age of 28–32 weeks, and birth weight less than 1,000 g were predictors of its occurrence.