Introduction: Acute appendicitis is common surgical emergency which can lead to high morbidity and mortality in absence of timely treatment. Ultrasonography (USG) is commonly used to diagnose appendicitis and exclude other intraabdominal pathology leading to right iliac fossa pain in emergency setting. We aimed to Þ nd out the diagnostic value of graded compression USG in suspected appendicitis cases. Methods:Altogether 107 patients with clinical impression of acute appendicitis were followed. Four cases were excluded because of other diagnosis established in USG. Appendicitis was diagnosed by standard criterias of inß ammed appendix by graded compression technique. Informations of 103 cases were recorded in proforma which was later entered in SPSS and statistical calculations done.Results: Out of 103 cases followed, 93 had appendicitis. Of those, 46 cases only showed inß ammed and distended appendix, others showed ancillary features only. Males were more affected 61(65.6%) than females. Sensitivity, speciÞ city, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ultrasound in detecting appendicitis were 98.9%,90%,98.9%,90% and 97.1% respectively. Conclusions:Graded compression ultrasonography is good investigation modality in assessement of suspected acute appendicitis.

Introduction: COVID-19 has emerged as a pandemic and has varied clinical presentation. Computed Tomography scans of the chest play an important role in evaluating the lung parenchymal changes and aids in better planning the management of COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of abnormal chest computed tomography findings among admitted symptomatic COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 25 October 2020 to January 2021 in a tertiary care hospital. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Registration number: 348). Convenience sampling method was used. Chest computed tomography findings of the admitted symptomatic COVID-19 patients were evaluated for abnormal findings. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 153 patients, abnormal chest computed tomography findings were seen in 147 (96.07%) (92.99-99.15, 95% Confidence Interval). The findings of ground-glass opacities with consolidations were seen in 78 (53.06%) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of abnormal chest findings among symptomatic COVID-19 patients in our study was similar to the studies done in other countries in similar settings. Majority of the symptomatic COVID-19 patients showed abnormal chest computed tomography scan findings in the form of ground glass opacities and consolidations.

Introducti on:Following the fi rst study of Computed tomography guided trans thoracic biopsy of lung lesion by Haaga and Alfi di in 1976, CT guided transthoracic biopsy has been widely used for confi rming the diagnosis of suspicious lung lesions. This study is aimed to assess the eff ecti veness of Transthoracic percutaneous fi ne needle aspirati on cytology and frequency of associated complicati ons. Methods:A retrospecti ve, hospital based study was performed between 11/06/2008 and 1/12/2009 atDepartment of Radiology, Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.Thirty nine consecuti ve cases of lung lesions who underwent Trans Thoracic Percutaneous Fine Needle Aspirati on Cytology (TTFNAC) under CT guidance were analysed. Smears of the aspirated material were evaluated by the pathology consultant (cytopathological evaluati on) for adequacy Results: There was adequate material for a cytopathological diagnosis in thirty four (87.18 %) cases. Two cases were hemorrhagic while three cases revealed only reacti ve cells thus inadequate and non representati ve case consti tuted (12.8 %). Eight cases were reported as benign (23.53 %). Twenty three samples (67.65%) were reported as defi nite malignant cases and three cases (8.82%) showed atypical cells, suggesti ve of malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma was the single most frequent histological diagnosis (12 cases). Conclusions:The FNAC of lung is useful, safe and economical technique providing 87% diagnosti c accuracy for lung mass without signifi cant increase in complicati ons.