Introduction: Over-expression of p16 INK4a has been reported in tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) associated with Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs). Immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of p16 INK4a is an easy technique than molecular detection of HPVs, hence we investigated the presence of this protein in the most common pre-malignant and malignant oral lesions i.e. leukoplakia and SCC respectively.
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