Objectives: The fish samples were collected from the three different cities of Yemeni coasts. Aden, Al-Hodeidah and AL-Mukalla were chosen for the sample collection. Lethrinusmahsena, Thunnustonggol, Sphyraenajello and Epinephelusareolatus fish samples were considered for the study as they are more common eatable fish among the population. Methods: The study was carried out in the all three seasons of winter 2011, summer 2012 and winter 2013 in order to check seasonal variation of heavy metal pollution.Total Fish (108 samples of each muscles, liver and gills) were analyzed. The four heavy metals lead, Cadmium, Mercury and arsenic which are considered highly toxic were detected in the samples in the year 2010, 2012 and 2013. Results: The mean concentration of Pb, Cd, Hg and as in muscle was 0.101±0.012, 0.046±0.010, 0.058±0.002 and 0.089±0.002µg.g-1 dry wt. respectively; whereas in liver was 0.196±0.033, 0.132±0.020, 0.102±0.007 and 0.115±0.0005µg.g-1 dry wt. respectively; whereas in gill was 0.294±0.042, 0.196±0.063, 0.016±0.0006 and 0.034±0.0005µg.g-1 dry wt. respectively. The results showed that, the heavy metals concentrations were high in stations AL-Hudaydah and AL-Mukalla and low in station of Aden. Also the heavy metals concentrations were high in Seasons summer and low in Seasons winter. Conclusion: From the heavy metal concentrations mentioned above we can see that somewhere the concentration is crossing the limits as permissible by the World Health Organization. It suggests a high risk to the health of human being on the consumption of contaminated fish. Therefore it is recommended that the practice of trace element detection should be continued in order to update whether the heavy metal concentration is above or below the permissible limits and if it is above the limit then precautions must be taken to avoid possible consumption of contaminated eatables.
Objectives: The present work has been done considering the constant spread pollution of heavy metals in water bodies. Pollution among water bodies is a major global problem. This contaminates not only the water but also the sediment and aquatic life such as fish. The water samples were collected from the three different Cities of Yemeni coasts. Aden, Al-Hodeidah and AL-Mukalla were chosen for the sample collection. Methods: The study was carried out in the all three seasons of winter 2011, summer 2012 and winter 2013 in order to check seasonal variation of heavy metal pollution.Total 81 samples of each Water were analyzed. The four heavy metals lead, Cadmium, Mercury and arsenic which are considered highly toxic were detected in the samples in the year 2010, 2012 and 2013. The heavy metal concentrations in the samples were measured using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: The obtained results showed that the concentration (mg/l) of the heavy metal in seawater (Pb-0.061±0.005, Cd-0.007±0.001, Hg-0.007±0.0005 and As-0.008±0.0003) mg/l. The obtained results showed that the heavy metals concentrations were significantly higher, during the summer season for seawater samples in all stations during the study period. Because of the frequent use of water in the hot summer, results in an increase in sewage, as well as to the high rate of environmental variables in the summer. Conclusion: By comparing the results obtained with other data obtained from the local and international studies, in addition to, comparing the results standard levels of these metals contaminated and adopted internationally and domestically and the pollution levels in Yemen is currently within the lower limits of pollution. However, the study recommends continuing the study of these pollutants and other contaminants and their impact on the environment and marine life especially invertebrates.
Objectives: This study investigates concentrations of toxic metals, Lead and Cadmium in water, sediments and fish organs (muscle, liver and gill). Collected from Aden coast, gulf of Aden in Yemen. Water samples and sediment were taken from nine locations. Methods: Four fish species were collected (Lethrinus mahsena; Epinephelus areolatus; Thunnus tonggol and Sphyraena jello) were collected from the local commercial fishermen of Aden city during winter 2011, Summer 2012 and winter 2013. Results: Lead concentration in sea water is 0.045-0.055 mg/l and Lead concentration in Sediment 33.512-35.726 µg/g dry wt., Cadmium concentration in sea water 0.006-0.010 mg/l, Cadmium concentration in sediment 1.944-2.004 µg/g dry wt., lead concentration is the highest in most fish gill samples 0.047-0.727 µg/g dry wt., where as in muscles is the lowest 0.020-0.116 µg/g dry wt., and in liver was 0.038-0.267 µg/g dry wt. Cadmium concentration is the highest in most fish gill samples 0.033-0.609 µg/g dry wt., where as in muscles is the lowest 0.018-0.073 µg/g dry wt., and in liver was 0.028-0.209 µg/g dry wt. Conclusion: By comparing the results obtained with other data obtained from the local and international studies, in addition to, comparing the results standard levels of these metals contaminated and adopted internationally and domestically and the pollution levels in Yemen is currently within the lower limits of pollution.
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